Various tips how to increase your productivity (esp. in Linux).

Who uses which editor and is willing to provide a mini-training for new users (show config, favorite macros, highlighters etc.).
Feel free to add your name and editor.

• vim: Ondřej Bojar, Ruda Rosa, Milan Straka (C++ completion, Python completion, asynchronous make), …
  • to start learning vim, run the vimtutor command
• emacs: ?
• nano:
• atom: Martin Popel
• IntelliJ IDEA: Jonáš Vidra
• Kate: Jonáš Vidra
• Kile (offline TeX editing): Anša Vernerová
• PyCharm: Petr Bělohlávek
• VS Code (remote access, IDE - Python, C++, etc. completion, terminals): Peter Polák

• Use Bash auto-completion (source /etc/bash_completion). Some tools have plugins, e.g. many Perl tools.
• export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth results in bash history ignoring duplicate entries and entries starting with a space.

• Ondřej Bojar prefers to store the history in each directory in .history-bojar. See /home/bojar/diplomka/granty/cracker-2015/mtm-2016-organization/accounts-mtm16/bash-profile-for-ufal-accounts
  • Note that this creates the “.history-your-name” wherever you have write access and some ÚFALers are not happy with this. In addition everyone sees what you did (this may be useful, but be careful).
• Ondřej Dušek (/home/odusek/.bashrc) uses a variant more friendly to others, which saves the histories in his home (but does not handle renamed directories):

  if [ -z "$USER" ]; then
      export USER=`whoami`
  fi
  
  # Store all history with times and directories
  function store_history () {  
      history 1 | awk '($2 !~ "^[mr]?cd[0-9a-z]?$") {$1="_T="strftime("%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S_") PROCINFO["ppid"] "_PWD="  ENVIRON["PWD"] "\t"; $2=gensub("^_T=[-_0-9:]*[ \t]* *", "", 1, $2); $2=gensub("^_P=[^ \t]* *", "", 1, $2); print;}' >> ~/.history-all-$USER
  }
  export PROMPT_COMMAND="store_history"
  
  # Grep history
  function dhist (){
      DIR=`pwd`
      command grep "_PWD=$DIR"$'\t'".*$@" ~/.history-all-$USER | tail -n 30
  }
  
  function hist (){    
      if [ "$#" -eq 0 ]; then
          tail -n 30 ~/.history-all-$USER
      else
          command grep "$@" ~/.history-all-$USER | tail -n 30
      fi
  }

Add this to your .bashrc (tested on .zshrc). Colors can be easily customized.

man () {
        env LESS_TERMCAP_mb=$'\E[01;31m' \
        LESS_TERMCAP_md=$'\E[01;38;5;74m' \
        LESS_TERMCAP_me=$'\E[0m' \
        LESS_TERMCAP_se=$'\E[0m' \
        LESS_TERMCAP_so=$'\E[38;5;246m' \
        LESS_TERMCAP_ue=$'\E[0m' \
        LESS_TERMCAP_us=$'\E[04;38;5;146m' \
        man "$@"
}

• bash-git-prompt shows e.g. the current branch and status. Martin Popel prefers to configure it (in bashrc) with

  export GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=1
  export GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=1
  export PS1='[\t]\[\033[2;31m\]\h:\W\[\033[01;95m\]$(__git_ps1 "(%s)")\[\033[2;31m\]>\[\033[0m\] '

• tig text-mode gitk but better
• read https://guides.github.com/, understand GitHub flow, check GitHub training
• learn GitHub keyboard shortcuts, esp. “y” for permalink to a given line (line range) in source codes

• gnuplot
• seaborn based on matplotlib (Python)
• inkscape manually draw vector graphic (or poster)
• TikZ great for LaTeX/Beamer, offers many “plugins”
  • pgfplots
  • tikz-dependency dependency trees (in one line)
  • tikz-qtree classical trees (constituency, but with some hacks even dependency)

• see also triky and collaborative-writing
• latexmk can be used with -pdf -pvc, so whenever you save a tex file, the corresponding pdf will be regenerated (and your pdf viewer will refresh). Other useful options are -interaction=nonstopmode -synctex=1, see e.g. synctex
• pdftk for merging and splitting pdf files (and much more) from the command line
• use pdffonts to check if all fonts in your pdf are embedded (only the used subset).

• gs -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -q -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile=CompressedWithEmbeddedFonts.pdf Original.pdf

• http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/~popel/latex.pdf other hints (mostly for newbies) in Czech
• Beamer is a LaTeX package for creating presentations.
  • You can use it with pdfpc to show slides on the overhead projector while reading your notes on your laptop's screen. Create the dual-screen PDF with \usepackage{pgfpages} \setbeameroption{show notes} \setbeameroption{show notes on second screen=left} and add notes using \note{Hello!}. Then display your presentation with pdfpc –notes=left presentation.pdf.
• If you need a pdf-a validator (e.g. for your thesis), you can use `/lnet/ms/projects/verapdf/checkpdf` in the ufal internal network, which is a wrapper for the verapdf tool. New versions of the specification of exact requirements for submitting theses at the Charles university (called a “profile”) appear regularly at https://cuni.cz/UK-7987.html; by default, the tool uses version UK-7987-version1-custom8.xml .

If you work with data consisting of many small files, you should store them in tar archives to save inodes. There is a way to mount a tar archive to a specific directory in the simmilar way you mount ISO image. You can use this command to mount (read-only) ARCHIVE to DIRECTORY:

/opt/bin/tarmount ARCHIVE DIRECTORY

and umount when you finish your work:

/opt/bin/tarmount -u DIRECTORY

Run the command with –help option to see instructions for more advanced usage. The original tool can be obtained here.
It can be installed as AppImage.

• When using Perl at ÚFAL, we recommend using Perlbrew with shared perl interpreters (different versions) and shared Perl modules (which otherwise take several hours to install and 6GB).
• See Python for using Python at ÚFAL.
• See remote access, esp. for byobu and mosh.
• You should not turn off Linux workstations at ÚFAL, unless really needed (or agreed with it@ufal). In that case, try the standard ways, and if they do not work, try Ctrl+Alt+SysRq+[R,E,I,S,U,B] rather than plug out power cable. Mnemonics: “Reboot Even If System Utterly Broken”, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_SysRq_key#Uses
  • SysRq has also other interesting uses: For example, if you manage to launch a program that exhausts all RAM, the system starts swapping and becomes unresponsive, you can recover by invoking the OOM-killer by pressing Ctrl+Alt+SysRq+F.
• Ondřej Bojar has implemented many Text utils, which he likes to use in his scripts and advises his students to do so as well.
  • The web versions of the text utils are often older than the ones in /home/bojar/tools/vimtext and /home/bojar/tools/shell
• shuf shuffle lines randomly (or in a given order with –random-source)
• Ondřej Plátek keeps some of the suggestions above in configs, and scripts stored in the git repository which you can just clone to your home dir. Feel free to check https://github.com/ufal/oplatek-clustershgit. Pull Requests are welcome!