====== Sort Attribute ======

===== Hierarchy of Sorts =====

  * [[#ent (Entity)]]
    * [[#o (Object)]]
      * [[#co (Concrete Object)]]
        * [[#s (Substance)]]
        * [[#d (Discrete Object)]]
      * [[#ab (Abstract Object)]]
        * [[#at (Attribute)]]
          * [[#oa (Operational Attribute)]]
          * [[#na (Non-operational Attribute)]]
        * [[#re (Relation)]]
        * [[#io (Ideal Object)]]
        * [[#ta (Temporal Abstractum)]]
        * [[#mo (Modality)]]
        * [[#abs (Abstraction from Situation)  ]]
          * [[#ad (Dynamic Abstraction)]]
          * [[#as (Static Abstraction)]]
    * [[#si (Situation)]]
      * [[#st (Static Situation (state))]]
      * [[#dy (Dynamic Situation (Event))]]
        * [[#da (Action)]]
        * [[#dn (Happening)]]
    * [[#sd (Situation Descriptor)]]
      * [[#t (Temporal sd)]]
      * [[#md (Modal sd)]]
      * [[#l (Local sd)]]
    * [[#ql (Quality)]]
      * [[#p (Property (general))]]
        * [[#gq (Gradable Property)]]
          * [[#mq (Mesurable Quality)]]
          * [[#nq (Non-mesurable Quality)]]
        * [[#tq (Total Quality)]]
      * [[#rq (Relational Quality)]]
      * [[#fq (Functional Quality)]]
        * [[#aq (Associative Quality)]]
        * [[#oq (Operational Quality)]]
    * [[#gr (Graduator)]]
      * [[#lg (Qualitative Graduator)]]
      * [[#ng (Quantitative Graduator)]]
    * [[#qn (Quantity)]]
      * [[#m (Measurement)]]
      * [[#me (Unit of Measurement)]]
      * [[#qf (Quantificator)]]
        * [[#nn (Nonnumeric Quantificator)]]
        * [[#nu (Numeric Quantificator)]]
    * [[#fe (Formal Entity)]]
  * [[#~mio_d]]
  * [[#~madio]]
  * [[#~mio_dad]]
  * [[#~miooa]]
  * [[#~masio]]
  * [[#~masad]]









===== Sort Specification and Examples =====









==== abs  (Abstraction from Situation) ====
Situational objects **[abs]** are divided into:

  *Abstractions from dynamic situations **[ad]**. Examples:theft, integration, movement. etc.

  *Abstractions from static situations **[as]**. Examples:calmness, equilibrium, awareness, sleep, etc.




































































==== ent  (Entity) ====
Entity **[ent]**: is the most general sort given to the class of conceptual entities.
Means for Expressing Classification and Stratification



==== fe  (Formal Entity) ====
Formal entities **[fe]**: represent extralingual objects (formulas, drawings, pictures, etc.), which play an important role in multimedia documents. 
Examples:at the top of the diagram, the area in the top right corner, etc.






















==== gr  (Graduator) ====
Graduators **[gr]**: Graduators are used for a more detailed specification of properties and quantities and are divided into:

  *Qualitative graduators **[lg]**: for more specific and graded descriptions of properties. Examples: very, a few, fairly, extremely, rather and quite.

  *Quantitative graduators **[ng]**: are used (mostly) for "fuzzy" qualification of quantities. Examples: almost, nearly, approximately, more than and less than.






 




















































==== o (Object) ==== 
Objects **[o]**:
There are two types of objects: Concrete Objects **[co]** and Abstract Objects **[ab]**

Concrete Objects **[co]** can be divided into:

  *Substances **[s]** are divisible but not countable. Examples:sand, water, bread.
  *Discrete Objects **[d]** are countable but not divisible. Examples: table, John.




Abstract Objects **[ab]** are products of human reasoning and can further be divided into:

  *Attributes **[at]** are further divided into operationable and non-operational:
  *//Operational Attributes **[oa]** are measurable and operationally definable Examples:height, weight, average etc.//
  *//Non-operational Attributes **[na]**are non-measurable/operationally non-definable Examples:form, character, trait, etc.//

  *Relations **[re]**

  *Ideal objects **[io]** Examples: religion, mercy, justice, criteria, etc.

  *Abstract temporal objects **[ta]** Examples: Dark Ages, Christmas, holidays, etc.

  *Modalities **[mo]** Examples: probability, necessity, intention, permission, etc.


























==== ql (Quality) ==== 
Qualities **[ql]** or specifications of properties can be best classified as follows: Properties in the narrower sense **[p]**, Relational qualities **[rq]** and Functional qualities **[fq]**


Properties in the narrower sense **[p]** are semantically total qualities **[tq]** and gradable qualities **[gq]** which can be assigned to entities as a characteristic.

  *Total Qualities **[tq]** are extensionally interpretable. Examples: circular, empty, dead, etc.

  *Gradable Qualities **[gq]**: are properties (e.g. big, expensive, and fast) that can only be interpreted in relation to the class of entities determined by a corresponding conceptual object. "a large pig" for instance, means that the pig in question is larger than a typical pig and are further divided into:
  *//Measurable or quantifiable properties **[mq]**. Examples: high (cm), heavy (kg), etc.//
  *//Non-measurable qualities **[nq]** cannot be measured but express a judgement or a validation. Examples:friendly, lazy, kind, etc.//

  *Relational Qualities **[rq]** establish relationships between entities and can only be assigned to pluralities with at least two elements. Examples: equivalent, inverse, similar, etc.

  *Functional qualities **[fq]** obtain their full meaning only in connection with other entities. Combined with other entities, they form a conceptual unit and can be divided into:
  *//Associative qualities **[aq]** establish associations to other object. Examples:green, educational, etc.//
  *//Operational qualities **[oq]** describe the position in a sequence or are operationally defined. Example:on average, next, fifth, etc.//















==== qn (Quantity) ==== 
Quantities **[qn]**: Expresses the quantitative aspect of concepts, mainly numbers and measurements.

  *Measurements **[m]**:Units of measurement. Examples:weight (kg), distance (m), etc.

  *Units of measurement **[me]**:used with numbers/quantificators for the specification of measurements. Examples:kg, mm, degrees C, 

  *Quantificators **[qf]** are then divided in to:
  *//non-numerical quantificators **[nn]**. Examples:all, less than a half, very little, etc.//
  *//numerical quantificators **[nu]**. Examples:one, three, seven, etc.//















==== sd (Situation Descriptor) ====
Situations or states of affairs **[sd]** are divided into:

  *Temporal Specifications **[t]** are moments or periods of time. Examples:yesterday evening, 3 o’clock, on Sundays, Xmas, 1966, on holidays, etc.

  *Modalities **[md]** are concepts which express the position of the speaker or common (social) opinion with regard to a state of affairs or situations. Examples:probably, impossible, necessary, desirable etc.

  *Local situational descriptors **[l]** are locations primarily connected to objects. Examples:on the building, under the chair, next to the door, etc.










==== si (Situation) ==== 
Situations **[si]**: or states of affairs mirror the constellation of objects, their modes of being, or the changes they are undergoing. It is possible to distinguish between static situations **[st]** and dynamic situations **[dy]**.

Static situations (states) **[st]**: physical states as well as psychic states, expressed by means of nouns. Examples: being pale with hunger, having a temperature of, having a serious illness. etc.

  *Dynamic situations (events) **[dy]** are further classified into actions and happenings.
  *//Actions **[da]** Dynamic situations (events) actively carried out by an agent (the carrier of the action). Examples:eat, run, read, buy, etc.//
  *//Happenings **[dn]** are caused but are not associated with an agent actively sustaining the event in question. Examples:sunshine, snow, grow, etc.//





















==== ~madio ====
==== ~masad ====
==== ~masio ====
==== ~mio_d ====
==== ~mio_dad ====
==== ~miooa ====