Definition: The assertion (s BENF b) allows for a specification of the beneficiary b of a situation s ∈ si or of an object s ∈ o. In the case s ∈ si, b is usually not immediately participating in s (which is typically an event) and is also not changed by s. It must be emphasized that the term “beneficiary” has a neutral meaning in this context, because there are events s and objects b involved in these events that have a negative connotation.