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external:tectomt:tutorial [2009/01/21 12:01]
kravalova |
external:tectomt:tutorial [2009/01/22 10:34]
kravalova |
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| This tutorial itself has its blocks in ''libs/blocks/Tutorial'' and the application in ''applications/tutorial''. | This tutorial itself has its blocks in ''libs/blocks/Tutorial'' and the application in ''applications/tutorial''. |
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| {{ external:tectomt:pyramid.gif?300x190|MT pyramid in terms of PDT layers}} | {{ external:tectomt:pyramid.gif?300x190|MT pyramid in terms of PDT layers}} |
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| The notion of 'layer' has a combinatorial nature in TectoMT. It corresponds not only the layer of language description as used e.g. in the Prague Dependency Treebank, but it is also specific for a given language (e.g., possible values of morphological tags are typically different for different languages) and even for how the data on the given layer were created (whether by analysis from the lower layer or by synthesis/transfer). | The notion of 'layer' has a combinatorial nature in TectoMT. It corresponds not only to the layer of language description as used e.g. in the Prague Dependency Treebank, but it is also specific for a given language (e.g., possible values of morphological tags are typically different for different languages) and even for how the data on the given layer were created (whether by analysis from the lower layer or by synthesis/transfer). |
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| Thus, the set of TectoMT layers is a Cartesian product {S,T} x {English,Czech,...} x {W,M,P,A,T}, in which: | Thus, the set of TectoMT layers is a Cartesian product {S,T} x {English,Czech,...} x {W,M,P,A,T}, in which: |
| //Example//: Block adding Czech morphological tags (pos, case, gender, etc.) can be found in ''libs/blocks/SCzechW_to_SCzechM/Simple_tagger.pm''. | //Example//: Block adding Czech morphological tags (pos, case, gender, etc.) can be found in ''libs/blocks/SCzechW_to_SCzechM/Simple_tagger.pm''. |
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| There are also other directories for other purpose blocks, for example blocks which only print out some information go to ''libs/Print''. Our tutorial blocks are in ''libs/blocks/Tutorial''. | There are also other directories for other purpose blocks, for example blocks which only print out some information go to ''libs/Print''. Our tutorial blocks are in ''libs/blocks/Tutorial/''. |
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| </code> | </code> |
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| Our plain text data ''sample.txt'' have been transformed into ''tmt'', an internal TectoMT format, and saved into ''sample.tmt''. Then, all four blocks have been loaded and our data has been processed. We can now examine ''sample.tmt'' with a text editor. We'll now stop and describe data structure in TectoMT. | Our plain text data ''sample.txt'' have been transformed into ''tmt'', an internal TectoMT format, and saved into ''sample.tmt''. Then, all four blocks have been loaded and our data has been processed. We can now examine ''sample.tmt'' with a text editor (vi, emacs, etc). |
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| * One physical ''tmt'' file corresponds to one document. | * One physical ''tmt'' file corresponds to one document. |
| * Each bundle contains tree shaped sentence representations on various linguistic layers. In our example ''sample.tmt'' we have morphological tree (''SEnglishM'') in each bundle. Later on, also an analytical layer (''SEnglishA'') will appear in each bundle as we proceed with our analysis. | * Each bundle contains tree shaped sentence representations on various linguistic layers. In our example ''sample.tmt'' we have morphological tree (''SEnglishM'') in each bundle. Later on, also an analytical layer (''SEnglishA'') will appear in each bundle as we proceed with our analysis. |
| * Trees are formed by nodes and edges. Attributes can be attached only to nodes. Edge's attributes must be equivalently stored as the lower node's attributes. Tree's attributes must be stored as attributes of the root node. | * Trees are formed by nodes and edges. Attributes can be attached only to nodes. Edge's attributes must be equivalently stored as the lower node's attributes. Tree's attributes must be stored as attributes of the root node. |
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| ===== Changing the scenario ===== | ===== Changing the scenario ===== |
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| We'll now add a syntax analysis (dependency parsing) to our scenario by adding four more blocks. Instead of | We'll now add a syntax analysis (dependency parsing) to our scenario by adding three more blocks. Instead of |
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| <code bash> | <code bash> |
| SEnglishW_to_SEnglishM::Sentence_segmentation_simple \ | SEnglishW_to_SEnglishM::Sentence_segmentation_simple \ |
| SEnglishW_to_SEnglishM::Penn_style_tokenization \ | SEnglishW_to_SEnglishM::Penn_style_tokenization \ |
| SEnglishW_to_SEnglishM::TagTnT \ | SEnglishW_to_SEnglishM::TagMxPost \ |
| SEnglishW_to_SEnglishM::Lemmatize_mtree \ | SEnglishW_to_SEnglishM::Lemmatize_mtree \ |
| -- sample.tmt | -- sample.tmt |
| SEnglishW_to_SEnglishM::Sentence_segmentation_simple \ | SEnglishW_to_SEnglishM::Sentence_segmentation_simple \ |
| SEnglishW_to_SEnglishM::Penn_style_tokenization \ | SEnglishW_to_SEnglishM::Penn_style_tokenization \ |
| SEnglishW_to_SEnglishM::TagTnT \ | SEnglishW_to_SEnglishM::TagMxPost \ |
| SEnglishW_to_SEnglishM::Lemmatize_mtree \ | SEnglishW_to_SEnglishM::Lemmatize_mtree \ |
| SEnglishM_to_SEnglishA::McD_parser_local \ | SEnglishM_to_SEnglishA::McD_parser_local \ |
| tmttred sample.tmt | tmttred sample.tmt |
| </code> | </code> |
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| * ''my @bundles = $document<nowiki>-></nowiki>get_bundles()'' - an array of bundles contained in the document | * ''my @bundles = $document<nowiki>-></nowiki>get_bundles()'' - an array of bundles contained in the document |
| * ''my $root_node = $bundle<nowiki>-></nowiki>get_tree($layer_name);'' - the root node of the tree of the given type in the given bundle | * ''my $root_node = $bundle<nowiki>-></nowiki>get_tree($layer_name)'' - the root node of the tree of the given type in the given bundle |
| * ''my @children = $node<nowiki>-></nowiki>get_children();'' - array of the node's children | * ''my @children = $node<nowiki>-></nowiki>get_children()'' - array of the node's children |
| * ''my @descendants = $node<nowiki>-></nowiki>get_descendants();'' - array of the node's children and their children and children of their children ... | * ''my @descendants = $node<nowiki>-></nowiki>get_descendants()'' - array of the node's children and their children and children of their children ... |
| * ''my $parent = $node<nowiki>-></nowiki>get_parent();'' - parent node of the given node, or undef for root | * ''my $parent = $node<nowiki>-></nowiki>get_parent()'' - parent node of the given node, or undef for root |
| * ''my $root_node = $node<nowiki>-></nowiki>get_root();'' - the root node of the tree into which the node belongs | * ''my $root_node = $node<nowiki>-></nowiki>get_root()'' - the root node of the tree into which the node belongs |
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| Attributes of documents, bundles or nodes can be accessed by attribute getters and setters, for example: | Attributes of documents, bundles or nodes can be accessed by attribute getters and setters, for example: |
| * ''$node<nowiki>-></nowiki>get_attr($attr_name);'' | * ''$node<nowiki>-></nowiki>get_attr($attr_name)'' |
| * ''$node<nowiki>-></nowiki>set_attr($attr_name, $attr_value);'' | * ''$node<nowiki>-></nowiki>set_attr($attr_name, $attr_value)'' |
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| Our tutorial block ''Print_node_info.pm'' is ready to use. You only need to add this block to our scenario, e.g. as a new Makefile target: | Our tutorial block ''Print_node_info.pm'' is ready to use. You only need to add this block to our scenario, e.g. as a new Makefile target: |
| ==== Task ==== | ==== Task ==== |
| A block which, given an analytical tree (''SEnglishA''), fills each ''a-node'' with boolean attribute ''is_clause_head'' which is set to ''1'' if the ''a-node'' corresponds to a finite verb, and to ''0'' otherwise. | A block which, given an analytical tree (''SEnglishA''), fills each ''a-node'' with boolean attribute ''is_clause_head'' which is set to ''1'' if the ''a-node'' corresponds to a finite verb, and to ''0'' otherwise. |
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| //Note//: ''get_children()'' returns topological node children in a tree, while ''get_eff_children()'' returns node children in a linguistic sense. Mostly, these do not differ. | //Note//: ''get_children()'' returns topological node children in a tree, while ''get_eff_children()'' returns node children in a linguistic sense. Mostly, these do not differ. |
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| | ==== Advanced version ==== |
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| | The output of our block might still be incorrect in special cases - we don't solve coordination (see the second sentence in sample.txt) and subordinate conjunctions. |
| //Advanced version//: The output of our block might still be incorrect in special cases - we don't solve coordination (see the second sentence in sample.txt) and subordinate conjunctions. | |
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| ===== Your turn: more tasks ===== | ===== Your turn: more tasks ===== |
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| * For debugging, a method returning surface word order of a node is useful: ''$node<nowiki>-></nowiki>get_attr('ord')''. It can be used to print out nodes sorted by attribute ''ord''. | * For debugging, a method returning surface word order of a node is useful: ''$node<nowiki>-></nowiki>get_attr('ord')''. It can be used to print out nodes sorted by attribute ''ord''. |
| * Once you have node ''$object'' and node ''$verb'', use method ''$object<nowiki>-></nowiki>shift_before_node($verb)''. This method takes the whole subtree under node ''$object'' and re-counts the attributes ''ord'' (surface word order) so that all nodes in subtree under ''$object'' have smaller ''ord'' than ''$verb''. That is, the method rearranges the surface word order from VO to OV. | * Once you have node ''$object'' and node ''$verb'', use method ''$object<nowiki>-></nowiki>shift_before_node($verb)''. This method takes the whole subtree under node ''$object'' and re-counts the attributes ''ord'' (surface word order) so that all nodes in subtree under ''$object'' have smaller ''ord'' than ''$verb''. That is, the method rearranges the surface word order from VO to OV. |
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| | **Advanced version**: This solution shifts object (or more objects) of a verb just in front of that verb node. So f.e.: //Mr. Brown has urged MPs.// changes to: //Mr. Brown has MPs urged.// You can try to change this solution, so the final sentence would be: //Mr. Brown MPs has urged.// You may need a method ''$node->shift_after_subtree($root_of_that_subtree)''. |
| | Subjects should have attribute '''afun' eq 'Sb'''. |
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| * To see the results, you can again use TrEd (''tmttred sample.tmt'') | * To see the results, you can again use TrEd (''tmttred sample.tmt'') |
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| | **Advanced version**: What happens in case of multiword prepositions? For example, ''because of'', ''instead of''. Can you handle it? |
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| //Advanced version//: What happens in case of multiword prepositions? For example, ''because of'', ''instead of''. Can you handle it? | |
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| * [[http://ufallab2.ms.mff.cuni.cz/~bojar/cruise_control_tmt/last_doc/generated/guide/guidelines.html|TectoMT Developer's Guide]] - obsolete | * [[http://ufallab2.ms.mff.cuni.cz/~bojar/cruise_control_tmt/last_doc/generated/guide/guidelines.html|TectoMT Developer's Guide]] - obsolete |
| * Questions? Ask ''kravalova'' at ''ufal.mff.cuni.cz'' | * Questions? Ask ''kravalova'' at ''ufal.mff.cuni.cz'' |
| * Solutions to this tutorial tasks are in ''libs/blocks/Tutorial/*solution.pm''. | * Solutions to this tutorial tasks are in ''libs/blocks/Tutorial/*solution*.pm''. |
| * [[http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/~pajas/tred/|TrEd]] - tree editor | * [[http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/~pajas/tred/|TrEd]] - tree editor |
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