This tutorial could also be called things I wish I had known when I was writing my diploma thesis. This guideline is intended to ease writing your master's thesis (and hopefully, to produce better theses and successful defenses, as a result) and what better way is there than provide you with a spectrum of information I gained being on both sides of the trench. I'm going to navigate you through the process of your master's thesis assignment, writing and defense. The guideline is mostly fitted to a typical experimental NLP master's thesis but I'm sure you can tweak it to other situation once you get the general idea.

Below is an expected timeline for your thesis development. I don't think I can stress this enough: start EARLY. Seriously. You will make your life much easier if you start programming, measuring and writing (that especially!) in good time. Most opponents can recognize hasty writing hurriedly finished over the last week before deadline. As for the question what is the minimum time in which I can write a thesis, let's pretend I never heard that.

The exact dates of everything that happens at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, such as beginnings and ends of semesters, deadlines for courses and exams enrollments, deadlines for theses submissions and theses exams, is strictly bound by an official Academic Calendar of the faculty. Look for the exact deadlines of the required actions in the current academic year issue of the calendar.

With that in mind, let's say that a typical master's curriculum takes two academic years (four semesters). Master's thesis writing is officially a three-semester course, consisting of three subsequent (!) semesters each of which you must subscribe to in the study information system (SIS), in the appointed deadline.

That generates roughly the following course of action:

• Minus 4 semesters, aka 1st winter semester (1st year) Starting your first semester as a master's student. Before the end of this semester, start looking around for a possible topic of your thesis. There are two ways to select your topic:
  1. The majority of people go to the module Thesis (Selection of subject) in the study information system (SIS) which lists an offer of yet unsubscribed theses. If any of them catches your eye, contact the supervisor by e-mail.
  2. If you have a cool topic in mind, you can also approach a prospective supervisor with your idea and ask if they would be willing to supervise you.

Funnily enough, there is even an official deadline for Recommended period for deciding master's thesis topics in the oh-so-important Academic Calendar. As of 2022, it was Feb 11, just three days before the official start of the summer semester. It is only recommended, though, but gives the idea about the expected timing.

• Minus 3 semesters, aka 1st summer semester (1st year): Having agreed with you supervisor, enrol to the first of the three master's thesis courses in the study information system (SIS). Most of the communication with your supervisor is conveyed via email, with preferably regular, but sometimes occassional meetings in person (replace person by zoom in covid times). In this semester, you will likely get acquainted with the topic: You will be assigned some scientific papers to read, probably learn new technologies, get access to computation grid, etc. At the end of this semester, your supervisor will grant you credit for the first master's thesis course.
• Minus 2 semesters, aka 2nd winter semester (2nd year): Again, don't forget to enrol for the second of the master's thesis courses. In this semester, some serious coding usually happens. If you haven't started in the previous semester, you will probably design experiments, guided by your supervisor. You will implement code for these experiments, run it on the computational grid. If your thesis is more practical one, you may implement an application. This semester is very busy and if your topic was chosen well, it is usually (at least mildly) fun :) At the end of semester, you will be granted credit for the course.
• Minus 1 semester, aka 2nd summer semester: Finishing the experiments, polishing your application. But mostly, the writing. I will say more about the actual writing later in the following sections. Again, hopefully, you will be credited and will pass the third and last of the master's thesis courses at the end of this semester.
• End of study: The master's programme is finished by taking a final exam, which consists of two parts:
  1. Master's study defence (obhajoba in Czech): requires submitting the electronic (PDF) and the paper (hardcover) version of the thesis in the appointed deadline, enrolling for the exam in the study information system (SIS) (again, the in the official deadline) and obviously, showing up for the defence. More about the actual thesis defence later.
  2. Master's state final examinations (státnice in Czech): requires registering for the examination in the required deadline and showing up for the examination. Also more on the examination later.

So each of both parts is offered separately in the study information system (SIS), each of them must be enrolled in the required deadline and they can be taken jointly or separately in three possible terms throughout the year: summer (June), autumn (September) and winter (February). Please note that the deadline for registration differs for each of the terms. Actually, there is a preferred way, when everything went well, and that is the summer final examination after the 2nd year's summer semester, taking both the defence and examination, placing the registration for both examinations and the submission of the thesis somewhere to May.

- Typical number of pages
- Chapters (Introduction, Related Work, Methodology, Results, Discussion, Conclusions, Appendices)
- Referencing
- Tables, Figures, Graphs

Don't fall in the PDF/A trap! The electronic system requires all submitted PDF in PDF/A format and there is an automatic check for PDF/A. Allow yourself enough time to find out how to convert your PDF into PDF/A (like, not in the last two hours before deadline midnight).

As has already been said, the final examination consists of two parts:

- Master's study defence (obhajoba in Czech): requires submitting the electronic (PDF) and the paper (hardcover) version of the thesis in the appointed deadline, enrolling for the exam in the study information system (SIS) (again, the in the official deadline) and obviously, showing up for the defence. More about the actual thesis defence later.
- Master's state final examinations (státnice in Czech): requires registering for the examination in the required deadline and showing up for the examination. Also more on the examination later.

So each of both parts is offered separately in the study information system (SIS), each of them must be enrolled in the required deadline and they can be taken jointly or separately in three possible terms throughout the year: summer (June), autumn (September) and winter (February). Please note that the deadline for registration differs for each of the terms. Actually, there is a preferred way, when everything went well, and that is the summer final examination after the 2nd year's summer semester, taking both the defence and examination, placing the registration for both examinations and the submission of the thesis somewhere to May.

In fact, the defence and the final state examination are usually organized in two different days with span about a week. One day accommodates all defences, the other on all final state examinations. The reason for this is purely organizational: different committees have to meet for each event.