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user:zeman:interset:features [2007/03/20 22:15] zeman subtense |
user:zeman:interset:features [2011/11/26 22:51] zeman Quotative mood. |
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- | ====== Interset Features and Values ====== | + | ====== |
===== pos ===== | ===== pos ===== | ||
- | Part of speech. | + | Part of speech. Pronouns, determiners, |
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
| noun | noun | | | noun | noun | | ||
| adj | adjective | | | adj | adjective | | ||
- | | det | determiner | | ||
- | | pron | pronoun | | ||
| num | numeral, number | | | num | numeral, number | | ||
| verb | verb | | | verb | verb | | ||
| adv | adverb | | | adv | adverb | | ||
- | | prep | preposition | + | | prep | preposition, postposition or circumposition (together also: adposition) |
- | | inf | infinitive mark: English " | + | |
| conj | conjunction | | | conj | conjunction | | ||
| part | particle | | | part | particle | | ||
| int | interjection | | | int | interjection | | ||
- | | punc | punctuation | | + | | punc | punctuation |
===== subpos ===== | ===== subpos ===== | ||
- | Detailed part of speech. | + | Detailed part of speech. Subject to change - more value groups will probably be made separate features, e.g. '' |
| **Value** | **Main pos** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Main pos** | **Description** | | ||
| prop | noun | proper noun (" | | prop | noun | proper noun (" | ||
- | | pdt | adj | predeterminer (adjectival word that can stand before an article, such as all in all the flowers) | | + | | class | noun | classifier (measure word) between number and counted noun, e.g. Chinese "個 gè" | |
- | | pers | pron | personal | + | | pdt | adj | predeterminer (adjectival word that can stand before an article, such as "all" |
- | | clit | pron | clitic personal pronoun | + | | det | adj | determiner (function word modifying a noun phrase: English " |
- | | recip | pron | reciprocal pronoun (Danish | + | | art | adj | article, i.e. determiner bearing only the feature of definiteness or indefinitess and nothing more (English |
- | | digit | num | number written using digits | | + | |
- | | roman | num | number written using Roman numerals ("XIV") | | + | |
- | | card | num | cardinal number | | + | |
- | | ord | num | ordinal number | | + | |
- | | mult | num | multiplier number ("five times") | | + | |
- | | frac | num | fraction ("one fifth") | | + | |
| aux | verb, part | auxiliary verb used to construct complex verb forms (Czech " | | aux | verb, part | auxiliary verb used to construct complex verb forms (Czech " | ||
+ | | cop | verb | copula verb (Czech " | ||
| mod | verb | modal verb (German " | | mod | verb | modal verb (German " | ||
- | | intr | verb | intransitive verb (does not have object) | | ||
- | | tran | verb | transitive verb (does have object) | | ||
| verbconj | verb | finite verb with the enclitic " | | verbconj | verb | finite verb with the enclitic " | ||
- | | man | adv | adverb of manner | | ||
- | | loc | adv | adverb of location | | ||
- | | tim | adv | adverb of time | | ||
- | | deg | adv | adverb of quantity or degree | | ||
- | | cau | adv | adverb of cause (" | ||
| mod | adv, part | modal particle (Bulgarian " | | mod | adv, part | modal particle (Bulgarian " | ||
+ | | adadj | adv | ad-adjective: | ||
| ex | adv | existential " | | ex | adv | existential " | ||
| voc | prep | vocalized preposition (Czech " | | voc | prep | vocalized preposition (Czech " | ||
+ | | post | prep | postposition (German " | ||
+ | | circ | prep | circumposition (German "von ... an" in "von dieser Stelle an") | | ||
| preppron | prep | preposition and pronoun in one word (Czech " | | preppron | prep | preposition and pronoun in one word (Czech " | ||
| comprep | prep | first part of compound preposition (Czech " | | comprep | prep | first part of compound preposition (Czech " | ||
| coor | conj | coordinating conjunction | | | coor | conj | coordinating conjunction | | ||
| sub | conj | subordinating conjunction | | | sub | conj | subordinating conjunction | | ||
+ | | comp | conj | comparing conjunction (German " | ||
| emp | part | particle of emphasis (Bulgarian " | | emp | part | particle of emphasis (Bulgarian " | ||
- | | sent | punc | artificial sentence root node, beginning of sentence | | + | | res | part | particle of response (" |
+ | | inf | part | infinitive marker (English " | ||
+ | | vbp | part | separated verb prefix (German " | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== prontype ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | This is a new (September 2007) feature applied first to the Bulgarian CoNLL tag set. It takes over the pronoun classification that has been so far kept in the definiteness feature. See the [[brainstorming]] section for further details on lexical and morphological definiteness. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Although it reads as " | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | | Empty value means that this is not a pronoun but a real noun, adjective, adverb etc. This will be more useful once we completely remove the pronoun part of speech, distribute the pronouns to other syntactically similar parts of speech and set their prontype. | | ||
+ | | prs | Personal or possessive pronoun. Possessives are recognizable by the value of their poss feature. | | ||
+ | | rcp | Reciprocal pronoun (German " | ||
+ | | int | Interrogative pronoun (" | ||
+ | | rel | Relative pronoun. Many interrogative pronouns in many languages can also be used as relative pronouns. However, in some languages there are pronouns that fall in one of the categories but not both (Czech " | ||
+ | | dem | Demonstrative pronoun (" | ||
+ | | neg | Negative pronoun (" | ||
+ | | ind | Indefinite pronoun (" | ||
+ | | tot | Totality pronoun (" | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== numtype ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Subclasses of numerals. See also '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | card | cardinal number | | ||
+ | | ord | ordinal number | | ||
+ | | mult | multiplier number ("five times" | ||
+ | | frac | fraction ("one fifth" | ||
+ | | gen | generic numeral (" | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== numform ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Is a number expressed by a word or by digits? Depending on tokenization and tagging scheme, this feature may be orthogonal to the distinction between cardinals and ordinals. | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | word | numeral word (" | ||
+ | | digit | number written using digits (" | ||
+ | | roman | number written using Roman numerals (" | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== numvalue ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Low-value numerals display special behavior in some languages (e.g. Czech). This feature helps distinguish them. See also [[# | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | 1 | numeric value 1 (Czech " | ||
+ | | 2 | numeric value 2 (Czech " | ||
+ | | 3 | numeric value 3 or 4 (Czech " | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== accommodability ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Note that this feature has not been approved so far, as it only occurs rarely in the old version of the Polish corpus, and it is not clear what exactly it encodes. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In Polish, special behavior of numerals (cf. [[# | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | congr | uzgadniająca (Polish " | ||
+ | | rec | rządząca (Polish " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Příklady rec: trzech wileńskich i dwóch warszawskich; | ||
+ | |||
+ | Příklady congr: obaj byli indywidualnościami; | ||
+ | |||
+ | Řada výskytů číslovek nemá (ani v té verzi 1) vyznačenu ani jednu hodnotu, např.: o kilku artykułach, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== advtype ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Subclasses of adverbs. See also '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | man | adverb of manner (" | ||
+ | | loc | adverb of location (" | ||
+ | | tim | adverb of time (" | ||
+ | | deg | adverb of quantity or degree ("how much") | | ||
+ | | cau | adverb of cause (" | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== punctype ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Punctuation type. | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | peri | period at the end of sentence; in Penn tagset, includes question and exclamation | | ||
+ | | qest | question mark | | ||
+ | | excl | exclamation mark | | ||
+ | | quot | quotation marks | | ||
+ | | brck | bracket | | ||
+ | | comm | comma | | ||
+ | | colo | colon; in Penn tagset, ":" | ||
+ | | semi | semicolon | | ||
+ | | dash | dash | | ||
+ | | symb | symbol | | ||
+ | | root | artificial sentence root node, beginning of sentence | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== puncside ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Distinguishes between initial and final form of pairwise punctuation (brackets, quotation marks). Note that " | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | ini | initial (left bracket in English texts) | | ||
+ | | fin | final (right bracket in English texts) | ||
===== synpos ===== | ===== synpos ===== | ||
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| attr | attributive (like an adjective) | | | attr | attributive (like an adjective) | | ||
| adv | adverbial (like an adverb) | | | adv | adverbial (like an adverb) | | ||
+ | | pred | predicative adjective | | ||
===== poss ===== | ===== poss ===== | ||
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===== negativeness ===== | ===== negativeness ===== | ||
- | |||
- | Distinguishes also negative pronouns like " | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
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===== definiteness ===== | ===== definiteness ===== | ||
- | Distinguishes | + | See also the '' |
+ | In Arabic, definiteness is also called the // | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | http:// | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
- | | col | collective: all, every | | ||
| ind | indefinite | | | ind | indefinite | | ||
| def | definite | | | def | definite | | ||
- | | red | reduced: used in [[http:// | + | | red | reduced: used in [[http:// |
- | | wh | interrogative | + | | com | complex: used in [[http:// |
- | | int | only interrogative | | + | |
- | | rel | only relative | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===== subjobj | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Distinguishes subject and object forms of pronouns | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Value Description | + | |
- | subj subject | + | |
- | obj object | + | |
===== foreign ===== | ===== foreign ===== | ||
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| foreign | foreign word (not a loan word but a citation in a foreign language — e.g., the title of a foreign book) | | | foreign | foreign word (not a loan word but a citation in a foreign language — e.g., the title of a foreign book) | | ||
- | ===== gender, possgender ===== | + | ===== gender |
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | masc | masculine | | ||
+ | | fem | feminine | | ||
+ | | com | common, utrum | | ||
+ | | neut | neuter | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== possgender ===== | ||
Possgender is possessor' | Possgender is possessor' | ||
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| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
| anim | animate | | | anim | animate | | ||
+ | | nhum | animate but not human | | ||
| inan | inanimate | | | inan | inanimate | | ||
- | ===== number, possnumber ===== | + | The distinction of human vs. nonhuman occurs in Polish grammar, e.g. the word " |
+ | |||
+ | | gender | sg-nom | sg-gen | sg-dat | sg-acc | sg-ins | sg-loc | pl-nom | pl-gen | pl-dat | pl-acc | pl-ins | pl-loc | | ||
+ | | animate human | który | którego | któremu | którego | którym | którym | **którzy** | których | którym | **których** | którymi | których | | ||
+ | | animate non-human | który | którego | któremu | którego | którym | którym | które | których | którym | które | którymi | których | | ||
+ | | inanimate | który | którego | któremu | **który** | którym | którym | które | których | którym | które | którymi | których | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== number | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | sing | singular | | ||
+ | | dual | dual | | ||
+ | | plu | plural | | ||
+ | | ptan | plurale tantum | | ||
+ | | coll | collective / mass / singulare tantum | | ||
+ | |||
+ | //Pluralia tantum// is a special case of plural, occurring e.g. in Czech. It applies to words that do not have singular forms. They use grammatical plural regardless of semantic number. Czech example: //nůžky// " | ||
+ | |||
+ | // | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== possnumber ===== | ||
Possnumber is possessor' | Possnumber is possessor' | ||
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===== case ===== | ===== case ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | **Examples** | | ||
+ | | nom | nominative | cs: dům, budova = a house, building | | ||
+ | | gen | genitive | cs: domu, budovy = of a house | | ||
+ | | dat | dative | cs: domu, budově = to a house | | ||
+ | | acc | accusative or oblique | cs: dům, budovu = a house | | ||
+ | | voc | vocative | cs: dome, budovo = hey, you house! | | ||
+ | | loc | locative | cs: v& | ||
+ | | ins | instrumental | cs: domem, budovou = with/ | ||
+ | | ist | instructive | Used rarely in Finnish to express "with (the aid of)", i.e. semantically similar to instrumental (which is not defined in Finnish grammar). Shall we merge instructive with instrumental? | ||
+ | | abl | ablative | hu: a barátomtól jövök = jdu od kamaráda fi: pöydältä = se stolu; katolta = se střechy; rannalta = z pláže | | ||
+ | | par | partitive | Ve finštině vyjadřuje neznámou identitu a neukončené akce bez výsledku. Příklady užití: kolme taloa = tři domy (koncovka -a u talo); rakastan tätä taloa = mám rád tento dům; saanko lainata kirjaa? = můžu si půjčit tu knihu? (koncovka -a u kirja); lasissa on maitoa = ve sklenici je (nějaké) mléko; akuzativ: ammuin karhun = zastřelil jsem medvěda (a vím, že je mrtvý); partitiv: ammuin karhua = střelil jsem po medvědovi (a nevím ani, jestli jsem ho trefil); Akuzativ (v opozici k partitivu) taky může suplovat chybějící budoucí čas: akuzativ: luen kirjan = přečtu si tu knihu; partitiv: luen kirjaa = čtu knihu | | ||
+ | | ess | essive | Určuje dočasný stav, často odpovídá anglickému "as a ...". fi: lapsi = dítě, lapsena = jako dítě, když byl dítě ee: laps = dítě, lapse = dítěte (genitiv), lapsena = jako dítě | | ||
+ | | tra | translative | Určuje změnu stavu (" | ||
+ | | com | comitative | Vyjadřuje " | ||
+ | | abe | abessive | Vyjadřuje " | ||
+ | | ine | inessive | hu: házban = v domě (ház = dům) fi: talossa = v domě (talo = dům) ee: majas = v domě (maja = dům) | | ||
+ | | ela | elative | hu: házból = z domu fi: talosta = z domu ee: majast = z domu | | ||
+ | | ill | illative | hu: házba = do domu fi: taloon = do domu ee: majasse / majja = do domu | | ||
+ | | add | additive | Distinguished by some scholars in Estonian, not recognized by traditional grammar, exists in the Multext-East Estonian tagset and in the Eesti keele puudepank. Reportedly same or similar meaning as illative. Forms of this case exist only in singular and not for all nouns. | | ||
+ | | ade | adessive | hu: asztalon = na stole (asztal = stůl) fi: pöydällä = na stole ee: laual = na stole (laud = stůl) | | ||
+ | | all | allative | fi: pöydälle = na stůl (pöytä = stůl) | | ||
+ | | ter | terminative | Specifies where something ends in space or time. ee: jõeni = down to the river; ee: kella kuueni = till six o' | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Fine grained locative cases (Uralic languages) | ||
+ | |||
+ | | | **Where** | **Where to** | **Where from** | | ||
+ | | **Inside of** | inessive | illative | elative | | ||
+ | | **Surface of** | adessive | allative | ablative | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Other cases ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | (Not yet used in any tag set driver.) | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Alternative locative cases | ||
+ | * sublative (similar to allative?) | ||
+ | * delative (similar to ablative?) | ||
+ | * superessive (similar to adessive?) | ||
+ | |||
+ | | | sublative | Směr "na něco", | ||
+ | | | delative | Směr "z, od", ale používá se i v jiných významech (např. "o něčem" | ||
+ | | | superessive | Určuje místo " | ||
+ | | tmp | temporal | Určuje čas. hu: hétkor = v sedm, éjfélkor = o půlnoci, karácsonykor = o Vánocích | | ||
+ | | | sociative | Podobný význam jako kauzativ. V& | ||
+ | | cau | causative | Vyjadřuje, že podstatné jméno je něčeho příčinou (" | ||
+ | | dis | distributive | Vyjadřuje, že se něco stalo každému prvku množiny, jednomu po druhém. Nebo vyjadřuje frekvenci v čase. hu: fejenként = na hlavu, esetenként = v některém případě, hetenként = jednou týdně, tízpercenként = každých deset minut | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ten příklad s knihou u partitivu máš blbě, ne? " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Copak já vím? Finsky neumím. Je to převzaté z anglické Wikipedie. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== prepcase ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Personal pronouns in some languages have different forms depending on whether they are objects of prepositions or not. For instance, Czech " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Default empty value means that the word form is neutral w.r.t. a prepositional head. | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
- | | nom | nominative | + | | npr | this form must not be used after a preposition (Czech " |
- | | gen | genitive | | + | | pre | this form must be used after a preposition (Czech " |
- | | dat | dative | | + | |
- | | acc | accusative or oblique | | + | |
- | | voc | vocative | | + | |
- | | loc | locative | | + | |
- | | ins | instrumental | + | |
- | ===== compdeg | + | ===== degree |
Degree of comparison. | Degree of comparison. | ||
- | Value Description | + | | **Value** | **Description** | |
- | norm non-comparative, first degree (we hesitate to call it " | + | | pos | positive, first degree (note that although this degree is traditionally called |
- | comp comparative, | + | | comp | comparative, |
- | sup superlative, | + | | sup | superlative, |
- | abs absolute superlative | + | | abs | absolute superlative |
===== person ===== | ===== person ===== | ||
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| inf | informal (Czech " | | inf | informal (Czech " | ||
| pol | polite (Czech " | | pol | polite (Czech " | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== subcat ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | There are tag sets (e.g. Bulgarian CoNLL) that classify verbs as intransitive or transitive. It turns out that a Bulgarian verb can have set both features type=aux && trans=t. That is why we cannot mix transitivity and auxiliarity in subpos. | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | intr | intransitive verb | | ||
+ | | tran | transitive verb | | ||
===== verbform ===== | ===== verbform ===== | ||
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| part | participle (present (" | | part | participle (present (" | ||
| trans | transgressive, | | trans | transgressive, | ||
- | | ger | gerund (verbal noun) | | + | | ger | [[http:// |
===== mood ===== | ===== mood ===== | ||
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| ind | indicative | | | ind | indicative | | ||
| imp | imperative | | | imp | imperative | | ||
- | | sub | subjunctive, conditional | + | | cnd | conditional | |
+ | | pot | potential (Finnish: the action of the verb is likely but not certain) | | ||
+ | | sub | subjunctive | ||
| jus | jussive (přací) | | | jus | jussive (přací) | | ||
+ | | qot | quotative (Estonian: denotes direct speech) | | ||
===== tense ===== | ===== tense ===== | ||
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| aor | aorist | | | aor | aorist | | ||
| imp | imperfect | | | imp | imperfect | | ||
+ | | pqp | pluperfect | | ||
===== aspect ===== | ===== aspect ===== | ||
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| norm | normal, neutral | | | norm | normal, neutral | | ||
| coll | colloquial | | | coll | colloquial | | ||
+ | | vrnc | vernacular | | ||
+ | | slng | slang | | ||
+ | | derg | derogative | | ||
+ | | vulg | vulgar | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== typo ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Indicates bad spelling, grammatical error etc. Does not say how the correct form looks like. Must be separated from the '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | typo | typo, bad spelling, error | | ||
===== variant ===== | ===== variant ===== | ||
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===== tagset, other ===== | ===== tagset, other ===== | ||
- | The tagset feature identifies the source tag set driver. Value should be identical to the name of the driver that filled the feature values. Works together with the " | + | The tagset feature identifies the source tag set driver. Value should be identical to the name of the driver that filled the feature values. (The recommended format is same as in the '' |
Feature " | Feature " | ||
Any value or reference to array or hash is allowed. Serves to preserve information if the decoding driver happens to be the one who did the encoding. No other driver should expect anything meaningful here. | Any value or reference to array or hash is allowed. Serves to preserve information if the decoding driver happens to be the one who did the encoding. No other driver should expect anything meaningful here. | ||
Only information that cannot be stored in other features should be stored here. | Only information that cannot be stored in other features should be stored here. | ||
- | The apparently easiest approach — to store the complete original tag — would not work if the user needs to change feature values between decode() and encode(). | + | The apparently easiest approach — to store the complete original tag — will not work if the user needs to change feature values between decode() and encode(). |