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user:zeman:interset:features [2008/03/29 17:28] zeman Comparative conjunction. |
user:zeman:interset:features [2013/11/17 18:58] zeman Turkish narrative tense. |
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- | ====== Interset Features and Values ====== | + | ====== |
===== pos ===== | ===== pos ===== | ||
- | Part of speech. | + | Part of speech. Pronouns, determiners, |
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
| noun | noun | | | noun | noun | | ||
| adj | adjective | | | adj | adjective | | ||
- | | det | determiner | | ||
- | | pron | pronoun | | ||
| num | numeral, number | | | num | numeral, number | | ||
| verb | verb | | | verb | verb | | ||
| adv | adverb | | | adv | adverb | | ||
- | | prep | preposition or postposition | | + | | prep | preposition, postposition |
- | | inf | infinitive mark: English " | + | |
| conj | conjunction | | | conj | conjunction | | ||
| part | particle | | | part | particle | | ||
| int | interjection | | | int | interjection | | ||
- | | punc | punctuation | | + | | punc | punctuation |
- | + | ||
===== subpos ===== | ===== subpos ===== | ||
- | Detailed part of speech. | + | Detailed part of speech. Subject to change - more value groups will probably be made separate features, e.g. '' |
| **Value** | **Main pos** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Main pos** | **Description** | | ||
| prop | noun | proper noun (" | | prop | noun | proper noun (" | ||
| class | noun | classifier (measure word) between number and counted noun, e.g. Chinese "個 gè" | | | class | noun | classifier (measure word) between number and counted noun, e.g. Chinese "個 gè" | | ||
- | | pdt | adj | predeterminer (adjectival word that can stand before an article, such as all in all the flowers) | | + | | pdt | adj | predeterminer (adjectival word that can stand before an article, such as "all" |
- | | pers | pron | personal | + | | det | adj | determiner (function word modifying a noun phrase: English " |
- | | clit | pron | clitic personal pronoun | + | | art | adj | article, i.e. determiner bearing only the feature of definiteness or indefinitess and nothing more (English |
- | | recip | pron | reciprocal pronoun (Danish | + | |
- | | digit | num | number written using digits | | + | |
- | | roman | num | number written using Roman numerals ("XIV") | | + | |
- | | card | num | cardinal number | | + | |
- | | ord | num | ordinal number | | + | |
- | | mult | num | multiplier number ("five times") | | + | |
- | | frac | num | fraction ("one fifth") | | + | |
| aux | verb, part | auxiliary verb used to construct complex verb forms (Czech " | | aux | verb, part | auxiliary verb used to construct complex verb forms (Czech " | ||
+ | | cop | verb | copula verb (Czech " | ||
| mod | verb | modal verb (German " | | mod | verb | modal verb (German " | ||
| verbconj | verb | finite verb with the enclitic " | | verbconj | verb | finite verb with the enclitic " | ||
- | | man | adv | adverb of manner | | ||
- | | loc | adv | adverb of location | | ||
- | | tim | adv | adverb of time | | ||
- | | deg | adv | adverb of quantity or degree | | ||
- | | cau | adv | adverb of cause (" | ||
| mod | adv, part | modal particle (Bulgarian " | | mod | adv, part | modal particle (Bulgarian " | ||
+ | | adadj | adv | ad-adjective: | ||
| ex | adv | existential " | | ex | adv | existential " | ||
| voc | prep | vocalized preposition (Czech " | | voc | prep | vocalized preposition (Czech " | ||
+ | | post | prep | postposition (German " | ||
+ | | circ | prep | circumposition (German "von ... an" in "von dieser Stelle an") | | ||
| preppron | prep | preposition and pronoun in one word (Czech " | | preppron | prep | preposition and pronoun in one word (Czech " | ||
| comprep | prep | first part of compound preposition (Czech " | | comprep | prep | first part of compound preposition (Czech " | ||
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| inf | part | infinitive marker (English " | | inf | part | infinitive marker (English " | ||
| vbp | part | separated verb prefix (German " | | vbp | part | separated verb prefix (German " | ||
- | | sent | punc | artificial sentence root node, beginning of sentence | | ||
===== prontype ===== | ===== prontype ===== | ||
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| neg | Negative pronoun (" | | neg | Negative pronoun (" | ||
| ind | Indefinite pronoun (" | | ind | Indefinite pronoun (" | ||
- | | tot | Totality pronoun (" | + | | tot | Totality |
+ | ===== numtype ===== | ||
+ | Subclasses of numerals. See also '' | ||
- | ===== punclass | + | | **Value** | **Description** | |
+ | | card | cardinal number | | ||
+ | | ord | ordinal number | | ||
+ | | mult | multiplier number ("five times" | ||
+ | | frac | fraction ("one fifth" | ||
+ | | gen | generic numeral (" | ||
+ | | dist | distributive numeral (Hungarian " | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== numform ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Is a number expressed by a word or by digits? Depending on tokenization and tagging scheme, this feature may be orthogonal to the distinction between cardinals and ordinals. | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | word | numeral word (" | ||
+ | | digit | number written using digits (" | ||
+ | | roman | number written using Roman numerals (" | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== numvalue ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Low-value numerals display special behavior in some languages (e.g. Czech). This feature helps distinguish them. See also [[# | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | 1 | numeric value 1 (Czech " | ||
+ | | 2 | numeric value 2 (Czech " | ||
+ | | 3 | numeric value 3 or 4 (Czech " | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== accommodability ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Note that this feature has not been approved so far, as it only occurs rarely in the old version of the Polish corpus, and it is not clear what exactly it encodes. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In Polish, special behavior of numerals (cf. [[# | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | congr | uzgadniająca (Polish " | ||
+ | | rec | rządząca (Polish " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Příklady rec: trzech wileńskich i dwóch warszawskich; | ||
+ | |||
+ | Příklady congr: obaj byli indywidualnościami; | ||
+ | |||
+ | Řada výskytů číslovek nemá (ani v té verzi 1) vyznačenu ani jednu hodnotu, např.: o kilku artykułach, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== advtype ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Subclasses of adverbs. See also '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | man | adverb of manner (" | ||
+ | | loc | adverb of location (" | ||
+ | | tim | adverb of time (" | ||
+ | | deg | adverb of quantity or degree ("how much") | | ||
+ | | cau | adverb of cause (" | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== punctype | ||
- | Punctuation | + | Punctuation |
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
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| dash | dash | | | dash | dash | | ||
| symb | symbol | | | symb | symbol | | ||
+ | | root | artificial sentence root node, beginning of sentence | | ||
===== puncside ===== | ===== puncside ===== | ||
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| attr | attributive (like an adjective) | | | attr | attributive (like an adjective) | | ||
| adv | adverbial (like an adverb) | | | adv | adverbial (like an adverb) | | ||
+ | | pred | predicative adjective | | ||
===== poss ===== | ===== poss ===== | ||
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===== negativeness ===== | ===== negativeness ===== | ||
- | |||
- | Distinguishes also negative pronouns like " | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
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===== definiteness ===== | ===== definiteness ===== | ||
- | Distinguishes | + | See also the '' |
+ | In Arabic, definiteness is also called the // | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | http:// | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
- | | col | collective: all, every | | ||
| ind | indefinite | | | ind | indefinite | | ||
| def | definite | | | def | definite | | ||
- | | red | reduced: used in [[http:// | + | | red | reduced: used in [[http:// |
- | | wh | interrogative | + | | com | complex: used in [[http:// |
- | | int | only interrogative | | + | |
- | | rel | only relative | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===== subjobj | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Distinguishes subject and object forms of pronouns | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Value Description | + | |
- | subj subject | + | |
- | obj object | + | |
===== foreign ===== | ===== foreign ===== | ||
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| foreign | foreign word (not a loan word but a citation in a foreign language — e.g., the title of a foreign book) | | | foreign | foreign word (not a loan word but a citation in a foreign language — e.g., the title of a foreign book) | | ||
- | ===== gender, possgender ===== | + | ===== gender |
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | masc | masculine | | ||
+ | | fem | feminine | | ||
+ | | com | common, utrum | | ||
+ | | neut | neuter | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== possgender ===== | ||
Possgender is possessor' | Possgender is possessor' | ||
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| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
| anim | animate | | | anim | animate | | ||
+ | | nhum | animate but not human | | ||
| inan | inanimate | | | inan | inanimate | | ||
- | ===== number, possnumber ===== | + | The distinction of human vs. nonhuman occurs in Polish grammar, e.g. the word " |
+ | |||
+ | | gender | sg-nom | sg-gen | sg-dat | sg-acc | sg-ins | sg-loc | pl-nom | pl-gen | pl-dat | pl-acc | pl-ins | pl-loc | | ||
+ | | animate human | który | którego | któremu | którego | którym | którym | **którzy** | których | którym | **których** | którymi | których | | ||
+ | | animate non-human | który | którego | któremu | którego | którym | którym | które | których | którym | które | którymi | których | | ||
+ | | inanimate | który | którego | któremu | **który** | którym | którym | które | których | którym | które | którymi | których | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== number | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | sing | singular | | ||
+ | | dual | dual | | ||
+ | | plu | plural | | ||
+ | | ptan | plurale tantum | | ||
+ | | coll | collective / mass / singulare tantum | | ||
+ | |||
+ | //Pluralia tantum// is a special case of plural, occurring e.g. in Czech. It applies to words that do not have singular forms. They use grammatical plural regardless of semantic number. Czech example: //nůžky// " | ||
+ | |||
+ | // | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== possnumber ===== | ||
Possnumber is possessor' | Possnumber is possessor' | ||
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| dual | dual | | | dual | dual | | ||
| plu | plural | | | plu | plural | | ||
+ | |||
+ | It applies e.g. to possessive pronouns and it can be different from their grammatical number, which is governed by agreement with the modified (possessed) noun phrase. Czech example: //můj pes// "my dog" (grammatical singular, possessor singular), //mí psi// "my dogs" (grammatical plural, possessor singular), //náš pes// "our dog" (grammatical singular, possessor plural), //naši psi// "our dogs" (grammatical plural, possessor plural). | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== possednumber ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Possednumber is the possessee' | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | sing | singular | | ||
+ | | dual | dual | | ||
+ | | plu | plural | | ||
+ | |||
+ | In Hungarian, possession can be marked on the possessor or on the possessed. It is possible, though rare, that a noun has three distinct number features: its own grammatical number, number of its possessor and number of its possession. Examples from the Multext-East Hungarian lexicon: | ||
+ | |||
+ | * könnyedén (SSS) | ||
+ | * könny = a tear (singular) | ||
+ | * könnyed = your tear (singular owner) | ||
+ | * könnyedé = (possession) of your tear (singular possession) | ||
+ | * könnyedén = (on the possession) of your tear (superessive case) | ||
+ | * ellenfeleié (PSS) | ||
+ | * ellenfél = an opponent (singular) | ||
+ | * ellenfele = his/her/its opponent (singular owner) | ||
+ | * ellenfelei = his/her/its opponents (core plural, singular owner) | ||
+ | * ellenfeleié = (possession) of his/her/its opponents (singular possession) | ||
+ | * életeké (SPS) | ||
+ | * él = point (singular) | ||
+ | * élek = points (plural) | ||
+ | * élén = his/her/its point (singular owner) | ||
+ | * élünk = our point (plural owner) | ||
+ | * életeké = (possession) of our point (singular possession) | ||
+ | * tárgyalópartnereinkét (PPS) | ||
+ | * tárgyalópartner = negotiator (singular) | ||
+ | * tárgyalópartnerei = his/her/its negotiators (plural, singular owner) | ||
+ | * tárgyalópartnereinkét = (possession) of our negotiators (plural, plural owner, singular possession, accusative case) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Words marked for plural possessions are very rare, though. Note that in the following example from Multext-East, | ||
+ | * Kolumbuszéinál | ||
+ | * Kolumbusz = Columbus (singular) | ||
+ | * Kolumbuszéi = (possessions) of Columbus (plural possession) | ||
+ | * Kolumbuszéinál = (at the possessions) of Columbus (adessive case) | ||
===== case ===== | ===== case ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | **Examples** | | ||
+ | | nom | nominative | cs: dům, budova = a house, building | | ||
+ | | gen | genitive | cs: domu, budovy = of a house; in Basque, this is possessive genitive (as opposed to locative genitive): diktadorearen erregimena = dictator' | ||
+ | | dat | dative | cs: domu, budově = to a house | | ||
+ | | acc | accusative or oblique | cs: dům, budovu = a house | | ||
+ | | voc | vocative | cs: dome, budovo = hey, you house! | | ||
+ | | loc | locative | cs: v& | ||
+ | | ins | instrumental | cs: domem, budovou = with/ | ||
+ | | ist | instructive | Used rarely in Finnish to express "with (the aid of)", i.e. semantically similar to instrumental (which is not defined in Finnish grammar). Shall we merge instructive with instrumental? | ||
+ | | abl | ablative | hu: a barátomtól jövök = jdu od kamaráda fi: pöydältä = se stolu; katolta = se střechy; rannalta = z pláže | | ||
+ | | par | partitive | Ve finštině vyjadřuje neznámou identitu a neukončené akce bez výsledku. Příklady užití: kolme taloa = tři domy (koncovka -a u talo); rakastan tätä taloa = mám rád tento dům; saanko lainata kirjaa? = můžu si půjčit tu knihu? (koncovka -a u kirja); lasissa on maitoa = ve sklenici je (nějaké) mléko; akuzativ: ammuin karhun = zastřelil jsem medvěda (a vím, že je mrtvý); partitiv: ammuin karhua = střelil jsem po medvědovi (a nevím ani, jestli jsem ho trefil); Akuzativ (v opozici k partitivu) taky může suplovat chybějící budoucí čas: akuzativ: luen kirjan = přečtu si tu knihu; partitiv: luen kirjaa = čtu knihu | | ||
+ | | dis | distributive | Vyjadřuje, že se něco stalo každému prvku množiny, jednomu po druhém. Nebo vyjadřuje frekvenci v čase. hu: fejenként = na hlavu, esetenként = v některém případě, hetenként = jednou týdně, tízpercenként = každých deset minut | | ||
+ | | ess | essive / prolative | Určuje dočasný stav, často odpovídá anglickému "as a ...". fi: lapsi = dítě, lapsena = jako dítě, když byl dítě ee: laps = dítě, lapse = dítěte (genitiv), lapsena = jako dítě. Similar case called prolative in Basque grammar: eu: erreformistatzat = as a reformer (erreformista = reformer) | | ||
+ | | tra | translative / factive | Určuje změnu stavu (" | ||
+ | | com | comitative / associative | Vyjadřuje " | ||
+ | | abe | abessive | Vyjadřuje " | ||
+ | | ine | inessive | hu: házban = v domě (ház = dům) fi: talossa = v domě (talo = dům) ee: majas = v domě (maja = dům) | | ||
+ | | ela | elative | hu: házból = z domu fi: talosta = z domu ee: majast = z domu | | ||
+ | | ill | illative | hu: házba = do domu fi: taloon = do domu ee: majasse / majja = do domu | | ||
+ | | add | additive | Distinguished by some scholars in Estonian, not recognized by traditional grammar, exists in the Multext-East Estonian tagset and in the Eesti keele puudepank. Reportedly same or similar meaning as illative. Forms of this case exist only in singular and not for all nouns. | | ||
+ | | ade | adessive | hu: asztalon = na stole (asztal = stůl) fi: pöydällä = na stole ee: laual = na stole (laud = stůl) | | ||
+ | | all | allative | fi: pöydälle = na stůl (pöytä = stůl) | | ||
+ | | sub | sublative | Used in Finno-Ugric languages to express the destination of movement, originally to the surface of something (e.g. climb a tree), and, by extension, in other figurative meanings as well (eg to university). hu: Belgrádtól 150 kilométerre délnyugatra = Belgrade/ | ||
+ | | sup | superessive | Used, chiefly [[http:// | ||
+ | | del | delative | Used, chiefly [[http:// | ||
+ | | lat | lative | Denotes movement towards/ | ||
+ | | tem | temporal | Určuje čas. hu: hétkor = v sedm, éjfélkor = o půlnoci, karácsonykor = o Vánocích | | ||
+ | | ter | terminative | Specifies where something ends in space or time. Similar case in Basque is called terminal allative (Spanish //adlativo terminal// | ||
+ | | abs | absolutive | Subject of intransitive verb, direct object of transitive verb. | | ||
+ | | erg | ergative | Subject of transitive verb. | | ||
+ | | cau | causative / motivative | Noun in this case is the cause of something. hu: Hálás leszekérte. eu: jokaeragatik = because of behavior (jokaera = behavior) | | ||
+ | | ben | benefactive / destinative | Corresponds to the preposition " | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Fine grained locative cases (Uralic languages) | ||
+ | |||
+ | | | **Where** | **Where to** | **Where from** | | ||
+ | | **Inside of** | inessive | illative | elative | | ||
+ | | **Surface of** | adessive | allative | ablative | | ||
+ | | **Surface of** | superessive | sublative | delative | | ||
+ | |||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ten příklad s knihou u partitivu máš blbě, ne? " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Copak já vím? Finsky neumím. Je to převzaté z anglické Wikipedie. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== prepcase ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Personal pronouns in some languages have different forms depending on whether they are objects of prepositions or not. For instance, Czech " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Default empty value means that the word form is neutral w.r.t. a prepositional head. | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
- | | nom | nominative | + | | npr | this form must not be used after a preposition (Czech " |
- | | gen | genitive | | + | | pre | this form must be used after a preposition (Czech " |
- | | dat | dative | | + | |
- | | acc | accusative or oblique | | + | |
- | | voc | vocative | | + | |
- | | loc | locative | | + | |
- | | ins | instrumental | + | |
- | ===== compdeg | + | ===== degree |
Degree of comparison. | Degree of comparison. | ||
- | Value Description | + | | **Value** | **Description** | |
- | norm non-comparative, first degree (we hesitate to call it " | + | | pos | positive, first degree (note that although this degree is traditionally called |
- | comp comparative, | + | | comp | comparative, |
- | sup superlative, | + | | sup | superlative, |
- | abs absolute superlative | + | | abs | absolute superlative |
===== person ===== | ===== person ===== | ||
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| 2 | second (you) | | | 2 | second (you) | | ||
| 3 | third (he, she, it, they) | | | 3 | third (he, she, it, they) | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== possperson ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Possgender is possessor' | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | 1 | first (my, our) | | ||
+ | | 2 | second (your) | | ||
+ | | 3 | third (his, her, its, their) | | ||
===== politeness ===== | ===== politeness ===== | ||
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| inf | informal (Czech " | | inf | informal (Czech " | ||
| pol | polite (Czech " | | pol | polite (Czech " | ||
- | |||
===== subcat ===== | ===== subcat ===== | ||
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| ind | indicative | | | ind | indicative | | ||
| imp | imperative | | | imp | imperative | | ||
- | | sub | subjunctive, conditional | + | | cnd | conditional | |
+ | | pot | potential (Finnish: the action of the verb is likely but not certain) | | ||
+ | | sub | subjunctive | ||
| jus | jussive (přací) | | | jus | jussive (přací) | | ||
+ | | qot | quotative (Estonian: denotes direct speech) | | ||
+ | | opt | optative (Turkish; "May you have a long life! If only I were rich!" | ||
+ | | des | desiderative (Turkish; "He wants to come." | ||
+ | | nec | necessitative (Turkish; "He must come. He should come." | ||
===== tense ===== | ===== tense ===== | ||
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| aor | aorist | | | aor | aorist | | ||
| imp | imperfect | | | imp | imperfect | | ||
+ | | nar | narrative (Turkish // | ||
+ | | pqp | pluperfect | | ||
===== aspect ===== | ===== aspect ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | See [[http:// | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
| imp | imperfect | | | imp | imperfect | | ||
| perf | perfect | | | perf | perfect | | ||
+ | | pro | prospective | | ||
+ | | prog | progressive | | ||
===== voice ===== | ===== voice ===== | ||
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| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
| hyph | hyphenated prefix (" | | hyph | hyphenated prefix (" | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== echo ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Is this a reduplicative or echo word? Such words occur in Hindi. In Hyderabad Dependency Treebank they get their own part-of-speech tags RDP and ECH, respectively. We do not want to treat them as separate parts of speech because they could be assigned a POS independent of their RDP or ECH status (same as the word that they echo). We may want to merge this feature in future with '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Meaning** | **Explanation** | **Examples** | | ||
+ | | rdp | reduplicative | The word is a copy of a previous word. In Hindi, this would add the meaning of distribution ("one rupee each" | ||
+ | | ech | echo | The word rhymes with a previous word but it is not identical to it and typically id does not have any meaning of its own. In Hindi it generalizes the meaning of the previous word and eventually translates as "or something", | ||
+ | |||
+ | For more details see Rupert Snell and Simon Weightman: //Teach Yourself Hindi,// Section 16.4 and 16.5, pages 210 – 211. | ||
===== style ===== | ===== style ===== | ||
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| norm | normal, neutral | | | norm | normal, neutral | | ||
| coll | colloquial | | | coll | colloquial | | ||
+ | | vrnc | vernacular | | ||
+ | | slng | slang | | ||
+ | | derg | derogative | | ||
+ | | vulg | vulgar | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== typo ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Indicates bad spelling, grammatical error etc. Does not say how the correct form looks like. Must be separated from the '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | typo | typo, bad spelling, error | | ||
===== variant ===== | ===== variant ===== | ||
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===== tagset, other ===== | ===== tagset, other ===== | ||
- | The tagset feature identifies the source tag set driver. Value should be identical to the name of the driver that filled the feature values. Works together with the " | + | The tagset feature identifies the source tag set driver. Value should be identical to the name of the driver that filled the feature values. (The recommended format is same as in the '' |
Feature " | Feature " | ||
Any value or reference to array or hash is allowed. Serves to preserve information if the decoding driver happens to be the one who did the encoding. No other driver should expect anything meaningful here. | Any value or reference to array or hash is allowed. Serves to preserve information if the decoding driver happens to be the one who did the encoding. No other driver should expect anything meaningful here. | ||
Only information that cannot be stored in other features should be stored here. | Only information that cannot be stored in other features should be stored here. | ||
- | The apparently easiest approach — to store the complete original tag — would not work if the user needs to change feature values between decode() and encode(). | + | The apparently easiest approach — to store the complete original tag — will not work if the user needs to change feature values between decode() and encode(). |