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user:zeman:interset:features [2008/04/24 15:45] zeman Determiners and articles. |
user:zeman:interset:features [2011/11/29 21:51] zeman New cases needed for Basque: absolutive, ergative, causative and benefactive. |
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===== pos ===== | ===== pos ===== | ||
- | Part of speech. | + | Part of speech. Pronouns, determiners, |
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
| noun | noun | | | noun | noun | | ||
| adj | adjective | | | adj | adjective | | ||
- | | det | determiner | | ||
- | | pron | pronoun | | ||
| num | numeral, number | | | num | numeral, number | | ||
| verb | verb | | | verb | verb | | ||
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===== subpos ===== | ===== subpos ===== | ||
- | Detailed part of speech. | + | Detailed part of speech. Subject to change - more value groups will probably be made separate features, e.g. '' |
| **Value** | **Main pos** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Main pos** | **Description** | | ||
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| det | adj | determiner (function word modifying a noun phrase: English " | | det | adj | determiner (function word modifying a noun phrase: English " | ||
| art | adj | article, i.e. determiner bearing only the feature of definiteness or indefinitess and nothing more (English " | | art | adj | article, i.e. determiner bearing only the feature of definiteness or indefinitess and nothing more (English " | ||
- | | pers | pron | personal pronoun | | ||
- | | clit | pron | clitic personal pronoun (Czech " | ||
- | | recip | pron | reciprocal pronoun (Danish " | ||
- | | digit | num | number written using digits | | ||
- | | roman | num | number written using Roman numerals (" | ||
- | | card | num | cardinal number | | ||
- | | ord | num | ordinal number | | ||
- | | mult | num | multiplier number ("five times" | ||
- | | frac | num | fraction ("one fifth" | ||
| aux | verb, part | auxiliary verb used to construct complex verb forms (Czech " | | aux | verb, part | auxiliary verb used to construct complex verb forms (Czech " | ||
+ | | cop | verb | copula verb (Czech " | ||
| mod | verb | modal verb (German " | | mod | verb | modal verb (German " | ||
| verbconj | verb | finite verb with the enclitic " | | verbconj | verb | finite verb with the enclitic " | ||
- | | man | adv | adverb of manner | | ||
- | | loc | adv | adverb of location | | ||
- | | tim | adv | adverb of time | | ||
- | | deg | adv | adverb of quantity or degree | | ||
- | | cau | adv | adverb of cause (" | ||
| mod | adv, part | modal particle (Bulgarian " | | mod | adv, part | modal particle (Bulgarian " | ||
+ | | adadj | adv | ad-adjective: | ||
| ex | adv | existential " | | ex | adv | existential " | ||
| voc | prep | vocalized preposition (Czech " | | voc | prep | vocalized preposition (Czech " | ||
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| neg | Negative pronoun (" | | neg | Negative pronoun (" | ||
| ind | Indefinite pronoun (" | | ind | Indefinite pronoun (" | ||
- | | tot | Totality pronoun (" | + | | tot | Totality |
+ | |||
+ | ===== numtype ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Subclasses of numerals. See also '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | card | cardinal number | | ||
+ | | ord | ordinal number | | ||
+ | | mult | multiplier number ("five times" | ||
+ | | frac | fraction ("one fifth" | ||
+ | | gen | generic numeral (" | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== numform ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Is a number expressed by a word or by digits? Depending on tokenization and tagging scheme, this feature may be orthogonal to the distinction between cardinals and ordinals. | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | word | numeral word (" | ||
+ | | digit | number written using digits (" | ||
+ | | roman | number written using Roman numerals (" | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== numvalue ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Low-value numerals display special behavior in some languages (e.g. Czech). This feature helps distinguish them. See also [[# | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | 1 | numeric value 1 (Czech " | ||
+ | | 2 | numeric value 2 (Czech " | ||
+ | | 3 | numeric value 3 or 4 (Czech " | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== accommodability ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Note that this feature has not been approved so far, as it only occurs rarely in the old version of the Polish corpus, and it is not clear what exactly it encodes. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In Polish, special behavior of numerals (cf. [[# | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | congr | uzgadniająca (Polish " | ||
+ | | rec | rządząca (Polish " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Příklady rec: trzech wileńskich i dwóch warszawskich; | ||
+ | |||
+ | Příklady congr: obaj byli indywidualnościami; | ||
+ | |||
+ | Řada výskytů číslovek nemá (ani v té verzi 1) vyznačenu ani jednu hodnotu, např.: o kilku artykułach, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== advtype ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Subclasses of adverbs. See also '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | man | adverb of manner (" | ||
+ | | loc | adverb of location (" | ||
+ | | tim | adverb of time (" | ||
+ | | deg | adverb of quantity or degree ("how much") | | ||
+ | | cau | adverb of cause ("why") | | ||
===== punctype ===== | ===== punctype ===== | ||
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===== negativeness ===== | ===== negativeness ===== | ||
- | |||
- | Distinguishes also negative pronouns like " | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
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See also the '' | See also the '' | ||
+ | In Arabic, definiteness is also called the //state.// | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | http:// | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
| ind | indefinite | | | ind | indefinite | | ||
| def | definite | | | def | definite | | ||
- | | red | reduced: used in [[http:// | + | | red | reduced: used in [[http:// |
+ | | com | complex: used in [[http:// | ||
===== foreign ===== | ===== foreign ===== | ||
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| foreign | foreign word (not a loan word but a citation in a foreign language — e.g., the title of a foreign book) | | | foreign | foreign word (not a loan word but a citation in a foreign language — e.g., the title of a foreign book) | | ||
- | ===== gender, possgender ===== | + | ===== gender |
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | masc | masculine | | ||
+ | | fem | feminine | | ||
+ | | com | common, utrum | | ||
+ | | neut | neuter | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== possgender ===== | ||
Possgender is possessor' | Possgender is possessor' | ||
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| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
| anim | animate | | | anim | animate | | ||
+ | | nhum | animate but not human | | ||
| inan | inanimate | | | inan | inanimate | | ||
- | ===== number, possnumber ===== | + | The distinction of human vs. nonhuman occurs in Polish grammar, e.g. the word " |
+ | |||
+ | | gender | sg-nom | sg-gen | sg-dat | sg-acc | sg-ins | sg-loc | pl-nom | pl-gen | pl-dat | pl-acc | pl-ins | pl-loc | | ||
+ | | animate human | który | którego | któremu | którego | którym | którym | **którzy** | których | którym | **których** | którymi | których | | ||
+ | | animate non-human | który | którego | któremu | którego | którym | którym | które | których | którym | które | którymi | których | | ||
+ | | inanimate | który | którego | któremu | **który** | którym | którym | które | których | którym | które | którymi | których | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== number | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | sing | singular | | ||
+ | | dual | dual | | ||
+ | | plu | plural | | ||
+ | | ptan | plurale tantum | | ||
+ | | coll | collective / mass / singulare tantum | | ||
+ | |||
+ | //Pluralia tantum// is a special case of plural, occurring e.g. in Czech. It applies to words that do not have singular forms. They use grammatical plural regardless of semantic number. Czech example: //nůžky// " | ||
+ | |||
+ | // | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== possnumber ===== | ||
Possnumber is possessor' | Possnumber is possessor' | ||
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===== case ===== | ===== case ===== | ||
- | | **Value** | **Description** | | + | | **Value** | **Description** | **Examples** | |
- | | nom | nominative | | + | | nom | nominative |
- | | gen | genitive | | + | | gen | genitive |
- | | dat | dative | | + | | dat | dative |
- | | acc | accusative or oblique | | + | | acc | accusative or oblique |
- | | voc | vocative | | + | | voc | vocative |
- | | loc | locative | | + | | loc | locative |
- | | ins | instrumental | | + | | ins | instrumental | cs: domem, budovou = with/ |
+ | | ist | instructive | Used rarely in Finnish to express "with (the aid of)", i.e. semantically similar to instrumental (which is not defined in Finnish grammar). Shall we merge instructive with instrumental? | ||
+ | | abl | ablative | hu: a barátomtól jövök = jdu od kamaráda fi: pöydältä = se stolu; katolta = se střechy; rannalta = z pláže | | ||
+ | | par | partitive | Ve finštině vyjadřuje neznámou identitu a neukončené akce bez výsledku. Příklady užití: kolme taloa = tři domy (koncovka -a u talo); rakastan tätä taloa = mám rád tento dům; saanko lainata kirjaa? = můžu si půjčit tu knihu? (koncovka -a u kirja); lasissa on maitoa = ve sklenici je (nějaké) mléko; akuzativ: ammuin karhun = zastřelil jsem medvěda (a vím, že je mrtvý); partitiv: ammuin karhua = střelil jsem po medvědovi (a nevím ani, jestli jsem ho trefil); Akuzativ (v opozici k partitivu) taky může suplovat chybějící budoucí čas: akuzativ: luen kirjan = přečtu si tu knihu; partitiv: luen kirjaa = čtu knihu | | ||
+ | | ess | essive / prolative | Určuje dočasný stav, často odpovídá anglickému "as a ...". fi: lapsi = dítě, lapsena = jako dítě, když byl dítě ee: laps = dítě, lapse = dítěte (genitiv), lapsena = jako dítě. Similar case called prolative in Basque grammar: eu: erreformistatzat = as a reformer (erreformista = reformer) | | ||
+ | | tra | translative | Určuje změnu stavu (" | ||
+ | | com | comitative / associative | Vyjadřuje " | ||
+ | | abe | abessive | Vyjadřuje " | ||
+ | | ine | inessive | hu: házban = v domě (ház = dům) fi: talossa = v domě (talo = dům) ee: majas = v domě (maja = dům) | | ||
+ | | ela | elative | hu: házból = z domu fi: talosta = z domu ee: majast = z domu | | ||
+ | | ill | illative | hu: házba = do domu fi: taloon = do domu ee: majasse / majja = do domu | | ||
+ | | add | additive | Distinguished by some scholars in Estonian, not recognized by traditional grammar, exists in the Multext-East Estonian tagset and in the Eesti keele puudepank. Reportedly same or similar meaning as illative. Forms of this case exist only in singular and not for all nouns. | | ||
+ | | ade | adessive | hu: asztalon = na stole (asztal = stůl) fi: pöydällä = na stole ee: laual = na stole (laud = stůl) | | ||
+ | | all | allative | fi: pöydälle = na stůl (pöytä = stůl) | | ||
+ | | lat | lative | Denotes movement towards/ | ||
+ | | ter | terminative | Specifies where something ends in space or time. Similar case in Basque is called terminal allative (Spanish //adlativo terminal// | ||
+ | | abs | absolutive | Subject of intransitive verb, direct object of transitive verb. | | ||
+ | | erg | ergative | Subject of transitive verb. | | ||
+ | | cau | causative / motivative | Noun in this case is the cause of something. hu: Hálás leszekérte. eu: jokaeragatik = because of behavior (jokaera = behavior) | | ||
+ | | ben | benefactive / destinative | Corresponds to the preposition " | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Fine grained locative cases (Uralic languages) | ||
+ | |||
+ | | | **Where** | **Where to** | **Where from** | | ||
+ | | **Inside of** | inessive | illative | elative | | ||
+ | | **Surface of** | adessive | allative | ablative | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Other cases ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | (Not yet used in any tag set driver.) | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Alternative locative cases | ||
+ | * sublative (similar to allative? | ||
+ | * delative (similar to ablative? | ||
+ | * superessive (similar to adessive? | ||
+ | |||
+ | | | sublative | Směr "na něco", | ||
+ | | | delative | Směr "z, od", ale používá se i v jiných významech (např. "o něčem" | ||
+ | | | superessive | Určuje místo " | ||
+ | | tmp | temporal | Určuje čas. hu: hétkor = v sedm, éjfélkor = o půlnoci, karácsonykor = o Vánocích | | ||
+ | | | sociative | Podobný význam jako kauzativ. V& | ||
+ | | dis | distributive | Vyjadřuje, že se něco stalo každému prvku množiny, jednomu po druhém. Nebo vyjadřuje frekvenci v čase. hu: fejenként = na hlavu, esetenként = v některém případě, hetenként = jednou týdně, tízpercenként = každých deset minut | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ten příklad s knihou u partitivu máš blbě, ne? " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Copak já vím? Finsky neumím. Je to převzaté z anglické Wikipedie. | ||
===== prepcase ===== | ===== prepcase ===== | ||
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| trans | transgressive, | | trans | transgressive, | ||
| ger | [[http:// | | ger | [[http:// | ||
- | |||
===== mood ===== | ===== mood ===== | ||
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| imp | imperative | | | imp | imperative | | ||
| cnd | conditional | | | cnd | conditional | | ||
+ | | pot | potential (Finnish: the action of the verb is likely but not certain) | | ||
| sub | subjunctive (conjunctive) (spojovací) | | | sub | subjunctive (conjunctive) (spojovací) | | ||
| jus | jussive (přací) | | | jus | jussive (přací) | | ||
+ | | qot | quotative (Estonian: denotes direct speech) | | ||
===== tense ===== | ===== tense ===== | ||
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| pres | present | | | pres | present | | ||
| fut | future | | | fut | future | | ||
- | |||
===== subtense ===== | ===== subtense ===== | ||
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| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
| hyph | hyphenated prefix (" | | hyph | hyphenated prefix (" | ||
- | |||
- | |||
===== style ===== | ===== style ===== | ||
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| norm | normal, neutral | | | norm | normal, neutral | | ||
| coll | colloquial | | | coll | colloquial | | ||
+ | | vrnc | vernacular | | ||
+ | | slng | slang | | ||
+ | | derg | derogative | | ||
+ | | vulg | vulgar | | ||
===== typo ===== | ===== typo ===== |