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user:zeman:interset:features [2009/04/04 22:59] zeman New treatment of numerals. |
user:zeman:interset:features [2011/12/13 22:46] zeman |
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===== subpos ===== | ===== subpos ===== | ||
- | Detailed part of speech. | + | Detailed part of speech. Subject to change - more value groups will probably be made separate features, e.g. '' |
| **Value** | **Main pos** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Main pos** | **Description** | | ||
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| mod | verb | modal verb (German " | | mod | verb | modal verb (German " | ||
| verbconj | verb | finite verb with the enclitic " | | verbconj | verb | finite verb with the enclitic " | ||
- | | man | adv | adverb of manner | | ||
- | | loc | adv | adverb of location | | ||
- | | tim | adv | adverb of time | | ||
- | | deg | adv | adverb of quantity or degree | | ||
- | | cau | adv | adverb of cause (" | ||
| mod | adv, part | modal particle (Bulgarian " | | mod | adv, part | modal particle (Bulgarian " | ||
+ | | adadj | adv | ad-adjective: | ||
| ex | adv | existential " | | ex | adv | existential " | ||
| voc | prep | vocalized preposition (Czech " | | voc | prep | vocalized preposition (Czech " | ||
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| neg | Negative pronoun (" | | neg | Negative pronoun (" | ||
| ind | Indefinite pronoun (" | | ind | Indefinite pronoun (" | ||
- | | tot | Totality pronoun (" | + | | tot | Totality |
===== numtype ===== | ===== numtype ===== | ||
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| frac | fraction ("one fifth" | | frac | fraction ("one fifth" | ||
| gen | generic numeral (" | | gen | generic numeral (" | ||
+ | | dist | distributive numeral (Hungarian " | ||
===== numform ===== | ===== numform ===== | ||
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===== numvalue ===== | ===== numvalue ===== | ||
- | Low-value numerals display special behavior in some languages (e.g. Czech). This feature helps distinguish them. | + | Low-value numerals display special behavior in some languages (e.g. Czech). This feature helps distinguish them. See also [[# |
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
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| 2 | numeric value 2 (Czech " | | 2 | numeric value 2 (Czech " | ||
| 3 | numeric value 3 or 4 (Czech " | | 3 | numeric value 3 or 4 (Czech " | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== accommodability ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Note that this feature has not been approved so far, as it only occurs rarely in the old version of the Polish corpus, and it is not clear what exactly it encodes. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In Polish, special behavior of numerals (cf. [[# | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | congr | uzgadniająca (Polish " | ||
+ | | rec | rządząca (Polish " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Příklady rec: trzech wileńskich i dwóch warszawskich; | ||
+ | |||
+ | Příklady congr: obaj byli indywidualnościami; | ||
+ | |||
+ | Řada výskytů číslovek nemá (ani v té verzi 1) vyznačenu ani jednu hodnotu, např.: o kilku artykułach, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== advtype ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Subclasses of adverbs. See also '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | man | adverb of manner (" | ||
+ | | loc | adverb of location (" | ||
+ | | tim | adverb of time (" | ||
+ | | deg | adverb of quantity or degree ("how much") | | ||
+ | | cau | adverb of cause (" | ||
===== punctype ===== | ===== punctype ===== | ||
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===== negativeness ===== | ===== negativeness ===== | ||
- | |||
- | Distinguishes also negative pronouns like " | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
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See also the '' | See also the '' | ||
+ | In Arabic, definiteness is also called the //state.// | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | http:// | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
| ind | indefinite | | | ind | indefinite | | ||
| def | definite | | | def | definite | | ||
- | | red | reduced: used in [[http:// | + | | red | reduced: used in [[http:// |
+ | | com | complex: used in [[http:// | ||
===== foreign ===== | ===== foreign ===== | ||
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| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
| anim | animate | | | anim | animate | | ||
+ | | nhum | animate but not human | | ||
| inan | inanimate | | | inan | inanimate | | ||
+ | |||
+ | The distinction of human vs. nonhuman occurs in Polish grammar, e.g. the word " | ||
+ | |||
+ | | gender | sg-nom | sg-gen | sg-dat | sg-acc | sg-ins | sg-loc | pl-nom | pl-gen | pl-dat | pl-acc | pl-ins | pl-loc | | ||
+ | | animate human | który | którego | któremu | którego | którym | którym | **którzy** | których | którym | **których** | którymi | których | | ||
+ | | animate non-human | który | którego | któremu | którego | którym | którym | które | których | którym | które | którymi | których | | ||
+ | | inanimate | który | którego | któremu | **który** | którym | którym | które | których | którym | które | którymi | których | | ||
===== number ===== | ===== number ===== | ||
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| dual | dual | | | dual | dual | | ||
| plu | plural | | | plu | plural | | ||
+ | | ptan | plurale tantum | | ||
+ | | coll | collective / mass / singulare tantum | | ||
+ | |||
+ | //Pluralia tantum// is a special case of plural, occurring e.g. in Czech. It applies to words that do not have singular forms. They use grammatical plural regardless of semantic number. Czech example: //nůžky// " | ||
+ | |||
+ | // | ||
===== possnumber ===== | ===== possnumber ===== | ||
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===== case ===== | ===== case ===== | ||
- | | **Value** | **Description** | | + | | **Value** | **Description** | **Examples** | |
- | | nom | nominative | | + | | nom | nominative |
- | | gen | genitive | | + | | gen | genitive |
- | | dat | dative | | + | | dat | dative |
- | | acc | accusative or oblique | | + | | acc | accusative or oblique |
- | | voc | vocative | | + | | voc | vocative |
- | | loc | locative | | + | | loc | locative |
- | | ins | instrumental | | + | | ins | instrumental | cs: domem, budovou = with/ |
+ | | ist | instructive | Used rarely in Finnish to express "with (the aid of)", i.e. semantically similar to instrumental (which is not defined in Finnish grammar). Shall we merge instructive with instrumental? | ||
+ | | abl | ablative | hu: a barátomtól jövök = jdu od kamaráda fi: pöydältä = se stolu; katolta = se střechy; rannalta = z pláže | | ||
+ | | par | partitive | Ve finštině vyjadřuje neznámou identitu a neukončené akce bez výsledku. Příklady užití: kolme taloa = tři domy (koncovka -a u talo); rakastan tätä taloa = mám rád tento dům; saanko lainata kirjaa? = můžu si půjčit tu knihu? (koncovka -a u kirja); lasissa on maitoa = ve sklenici je (nějaké) mléko; akuzativ: ammuin karhun = zastřelil jsem medvěda (a vím, že je mrtvý); partitiv: ammuin karhua = střelil jsem po medvědovi (a nevím ani, jestli jsem ho trefil); Akuzativ (v opozici k partitivu) taky může suplovat chybějící budoucí čas: akuzativ: luen kirjan = přečtu si tu knihu; partitiv: luen kirjaa = čtu knihu | | ||
+ | | dis | distributive | Vyjadřuje, že se něco stalo každému prvku množiny, jednomu po druhém. Nebo vyjadřuje frekvenci v čase. hu: fejenként = na hlavu, esetenként = v některém případě, hetenként = jednou týdně, tízpercenként = každých deset minut | | ||
+ | | ess | essive / prolative | Určuje dočasný stav, často odpovídá anglickému "as a ...". fi: lapsi = dítě, lapsena = jako dítě, když byl dítě ee: laps = dítě, lapse = dítěte (genitiv), lapsena = jako dítě. Similar case called prolative in Basque grammar: eu: erreformistatzat = as a reformer (erreformista = reformer) | | ||
+ | | tra | translative / factive | Určuje změnu stavu (" | ||
+ | | com | comitative / associative | Vyjadřuje " | ||
+ | | abe | abessive | Vyjadřuje " | ||
+ | | ine | inessive | hu: házban = v domě (ház = dům) fi: talossa = v domě (talo = dům) ee: majas = v domě (maja = dům) | | ||
+ | | ela | elative | hu: házból = z domu fi: talosta = z domu ee: majast = z domu | | ||
+ | | ill | illative | hu: házba = do domu fi: taloon = do domu ee: majasse / majja = do domu | | ||
+ | | add | additive | Distinguished by some scholars in Estonian, not recognized by traditional grammar, exists in the Multext-East Estonian tagset and in the Eesti keele puudepank. Reportedly same or similar meaning as illative. Forms of this case exist only in singular and not for all nouns. | | ||
+ | | ade | adessive | hu: asztalon = na stole (asztal = stůl) fi: pöydällä = na stole ee: laual = na stole (laud = stůl) | | ||
+ | | all | allative | fi: pöydälle = na stůl (pöytä = stůl) | | ||
+ | | sub | sublative | Used in Finno-Ugric languages to express the destination of movement, originally to the surface of something (e.g. climb a tree), and, by extension, in other figurative meanings as well (eg to university). hu: Belgrádtól 150 kilométerre délnyugatra = Belgrade/ | ||
+ | | sup | superessive | Used, chiefly [[http:// | ||
+ | | del | delative | Used, chiefly [[http:// | ||
+ | | lat | lative | Denotes movement towards/ | ||
+ | | tem | temporal | Určuje čas. hu: hétkor = v sedm, éjfélkor = o půlnoci, karácsonykor = o Vánocích | | ||
+ | | ter | terminative | Specifies where something ends in space or time. Similar case in Basque is called terminal allative (Spanish //adlativo terminal// | ||
+ | | abs | absolutive | Subject of intransitive verb, direct object of transitive verb. | | ||
+ | | erg | ergative | Subject of transitive verb. | | ||
+ | | cau | causative / motivative | Noun in this case is the cause of something. hu: Hálás leszekérte. eu: jokaeragatik = because of behavior (jokaera = behavior) | | ||
+ | | ben | benefactive / destinative | Corresponds to the preposition " | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Fine grained locative cases (Uralic languages) | ||
+ | |||
+ | | | **Where** | **Where to** | **Where from** | | ||
+ | | **Inside of** | inessive | illative | elative | | ||
+ | | **Surface of** | adessive | allative | ablative | | ||
+ | | **Surface of** | superessive | sublative | delative | | ||
+ | |||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ten příklad s knihou u partitivu máš blbě, ne? " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Copak já vím? Finsky neumím. Je to převzaté z anglické Wikipedie. | ||
===== prepcase ===== | ===== prepcase ===== | ||
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| trans | transgressive, | | trans | transgressive, | ||
| ger | [[http:// | | ger | [[http:// | ||
- | |||
===== mood ===== | ===== mood ===== | ||
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| imp | imperative | | | imp | imperative | | ||
| cnd | conditional | | | cnd | conditional | | ||
+ | | pot | potential (Finnish: the action of the verb is likely but not certain) | | ||
| sub | subjunctive (conjunctive) (spojovací) | | | sub | subjunctive (conjunctive) (spojovací) | | ||
| jus | jussive (přací) | | | jus | jussive (přací) | | ||
+ | | qot | quotative (Estonian: denotes direct speech) | | ||
===== tense ===== | ===== tense ===== | ||
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| pres | present | | | pres | present | | ||
| fut | future | | | fut | future | | ||
- | |||
===== subtense ===== | ===== subtense ===== | ||
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===== aspect ===== | ===== aspect ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | See [[http:// | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
| imp | imperfect | | | imp | imperfect | | ||
| perf | perfect | | | perf | perfect | | ||
+ | | pro | prospective | | ||
===== voice ===== | ===== voice ===== | ||
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| hyph | hyphenated prefix (" | | hyph | hyphenated prefix (" | ||
+ | ===== echo ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Is this a reduplicative or echo word? Such words occur in Hindi. In Hyderabad Dependency Treebank they get their own part-of-speech tags RDP and ECH, respectively. We do not want to treat them as separate parts of speech because they could be assign a POS independent of their RDP or ECH status (same as the word that they echo). We may want to merge this feature in future with '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Meaning** | **Explanation** | **Examples** | | ||
+ | | rdp | reduplicative | The word is a copy of a previous word. In Hindi, this would add the meaning of distribution ("one rupee each" | ||
+ | | ech | echo | The word rhymes with a previous word but it is not identical to it and typically id does not have any meaning of its own. In Hindi it generalizes the meaning of the previous word and eventually translates as "or something", | ||
+ | For more details see Rupert Snell and Simon Weightman: //Teach Yourself Hindi,// Section 16.4 and 16.5, pages 210 – 211. | ||
===== style ===== | ===== style ===== | ||
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| norm | normal, neutral | | | norm | normal, neutral | | ||
| coll | colloquial | | | coll | colloquial | | ||
+ | | vrnc | vernacular | | ||
+ | | slng | slang | | ||
+ | | derg | derogative | | ||
+ | | vulg | vulgar | | ||
===== typo ===== | ===== typo ===== |