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user:zeman:interset:features [2011/11/27 20:53] zeman |
user:zeman:interset:features [2013/11/17 18:58] zeman Turkish narrative tense. |
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| frac | fraction ("one fifth" | | frac | fraction ("one fifth" | ||
| gen | generic numeral (" | | gen | generic numeral (" | ||
+ | | dist | distributive numeral (Hungarian " | ||
===== numform ===== | ===== numform ===== | ||
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| dual | dual | | | dual | dual | | ||
| plu | plural | | | plu | plural | | ||
+ | |||
+ | It applies e.g. to possessive pronouns and it can be different from their grammatical number, which is governed by agreement with the modified (possessed) noun phrase. Czech example: //můj pes// "my dog" (grammatical singular, possessor singular), //mí psi// "my dogs" (grammatical plural, possessor singular), //náš pes// "our dog" (grammatical singular, possessor plural), //naši psi// "our dogs" (grammatical plural, possessor plural). | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== possednumber ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Possednumber is the possessee' | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | sing | singular | | ||
+ | | dual | dual | | ||
+ | | plu | plural | | ||
+ | |||
+ | In Hungarian, possession can be marked on the possessor or on the possessed. It is possible, though rare, that a noun has three distinct number features: its own grammatical number, number of its possessor and number of its possession. Examples from the Multext-East Hungarian lexicon: | ||
+ | |||
+ | * könnyedén (SSS) | ||
+ | * könny = a tear (singular) | ||
+ | * könnyed = your tear (singular owner) | ||
+ | * könnyedé = (possession) of your tear (singular possession) | ||
+ | * könnyedén = (on the possession) of your tear (superessive case) | ||
+ | * ellenfeleié (PSS) | ||
+ | * ellenfél = an opponent (singular) | ||
+ | * ellenfele = his/her/its opponent (singular owner) | ||
+ | * ellenfelei = his/her/its opponents (core plural, singular owner) | ||
+ | * ellenfeleié = (possession) of his/her/its opponents (singular possession) | ||
+ | * életeké (SPS) | ||
+ | * él = point (singular) | ||
+ | * élek = points (plural) | ||
+ | * élén = his/her/its point (singular owner) | ||
+ | * élünk = our point (plural owner) | ||
+ | * életeké = (possession) of our point (singular possession) | ||
+ | * tárgyalópartnereinkét (PPS) | ||
+ | * tárgyalópartner = negotiator (singular) | ||
+ | * tárgyalópartnerei = his/her/its negotiators (plural, singular owner) | ||
+ | * tárgyalópartnereinkét = (possession) of our negotiators (plural, plural owner, singular possession, accusative case) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Words marked for plural possessions are very rare, though. Note that in the following example from Multext-East, | ||
+ | * Kolumbuszéinál | ||
+ | * Kolumbusz = Columbus (singular) | ||
+ | * Kolumbuszéi = (possessions) of Columbus (plural possession) | ||
+ | * Kolumbuszéinál = (at the possessions) of Columbus (adessive case) | ||
===== case ===== | ===== case ===== | ||
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| **Value** | **Description** | **Examples** | | | **Value** | **Description** | **Examples** | | ||
| nom | nominative | cs: dům, budova = a house, building | | | nom | nominative | cs: dům, budova = a house, building | | ||
- | | gen | genitive | cs: domu, budovy = of a house | | + | | gen | genitive | cs: domu, budovy = of a house; in Basque, this is possessive genitive (as opposed to locative genitive): diktadorearen erregimena = dictator' |
| dat | dative | cs: domu, budově = to a house | | | dat | dative | cs: domu, budově = to a house | | ||
| acc | accusative or oblique | cs: dům, budovu = a house | | | acc | accusative or oblique | cs: dům, budovu = a house | | ||
| voc | vocative | cs: dome, budovo = hey, you house! | | | voc | vocative | cs: dome, budovo = hey, you house! | | ||
- | | loc | locative | cs: v& | + | | loc | locative | cs: v& |
| ins | instrumental | cs: domem, budovou = with/ | | ins | instrumental | cs: domem, budovou = with/ | ||
| ist | instructive | Used rarely in Finnish to express "with (the aid of)", i.e. semantically similar to instrumental (which is not defined in Finnish grammar). Shall we merge instructive with instrumental? | | ist | instructive | Used rarely in Finnish to express "with (the aid of)", i.e. semantically similar to instrumental (which is not defined in Finnish grammar). Shall we merge instructive with instrumental? | ||
| abl | ablative | hu: a barátomtól jövök = jdu od kamaráda fi: pöydältä = se stolu; katolta = se střechy; rannalta = z pláže | | | abl | ablative | hu: a barátomtól jövök = jdu od kamaráda fi: pöydältä = se stolu; katolta = se střechy; rannalta = z pláže | | ||
| par | partitive | Ve finštině vyjadřuje neznámou identitu a neukončené akce bez výsledku. Příklady užití: kolme taloa = tři domy (koncovka -a u talo); rakastan tätä taloa = mám rád tento dům; saanko lainata kirjaa? = můžu si půjčit tu knihu? (koncovka -a u kirja); lasissa on maitoa = ve sklenici je (nějaké) mléko; akuzativ: ammuin karhun = zastřelil jsem medvěda (a vím, že je mrtvý); partitiv: ammuin karhua = střelil jsem po medvědovi (a nevím ani, jestli jsem ho trefil); Akuzativ (v opozici k partitivu) taky může suplovat chybějící budoucí čas: akuzativ: luen kirjan = přečtu si tu knihu; partitiv: luen kirjaa = čtu knihu | | | par | partitive | Ve finštině vyjadřuje neznámou identitu a neukončené akce bez výsledku. Příklady užití: kolme taloa = tři domy (koncovka -a u talo); rakastan tätä taloa = mám rád tento dům; saanko lainata kirjaa? = můžu si půjčit tu knihu? (koncovka -a u kirja); lasissa on maitoa = ve sklenici je (nějaké) mléko; akuzativ: ammuin karhun = zastřelil jsem medvěda (a vím, že je mrtvý); partitiv: ammuin karhua = střelil jsem po medvědovi (a nevím ani, jestli jsem ho trefil); Akuzativ (v opozici k partitivu) taky může suplovat chybějící budoucí čas: akuzativ: luen kirjan = přečtu si tu knihu; partitiv: luen kirjaa = čtu knihu | | ||
- | | ess | essive | Určuje dočasný stav, často odpovídá anglickému "as a ...". fi: lapsi = dítě, lapsena = jako dítě, když byl dítě ee: laps = dítě, lapse = dítěte (genitiv), lapsena = jako dítě | | + | | dis | distributive | Vyjadřuje, že se něco stalo každému prvku množiny, jednomu po druhém. Nebo vyjadřuje frekvenci v čase. hu: fejenként = na hlavu, esetenként = v některém případě, hetenként = jednou týdně, tízpercenként = každých deset minut | |
- | | tra | translative | Určuje změnu stavu (" | + | | ess | essive |
- | | com | comitative | Vyjadřuje " | + | | tra | translative |
+ | | com | comitative | ||
| abe | abessive | Vyjadřuje " | | abe | abessive | Vyjadřuje " | ||
| ine | inessive | hu: házban = v domě (ház = dům) fi: talossa = v domě (talo = dům) ee: majas = v domě (maja = dům) | | | ine | inessive | hu: házban = v domě (ház = dům) fi: talossa = v domě (talo = dům) ee: majas = v domě (maja = dům) | | ||
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| ade | adessive | hu: asztalon = na stole (asztal = stůl) fi: pöydällä = na stole ee: laual = na stole (laud = stůl) | | | ade | adessive | hu: asztalon = na stole (asztal = stůl) fi: pöydällä = na stole ee: laual = na stole (laud = stůl) | | ||
| all | allative | fi: pöydälle = na stůl (pöytä = stůl) | | | all | allative | fi: pöydälle = na stůl (pöytä = stůl) | | ||
- | | ter | terminative | Specifies where something ends in space or time. ee: jõeni = down to the river; ee: kella kuueni = till six o' | + | | sub | sublative | Used in Finno-Ugric languages to express the destination of movement, originally to the surface of something (e.g. climb a tree), and, by extension, in other figurative meanings as well (eg to university). hu: Belgrádtól 150 kilométerre délnyugatra = Belgrade/ |
+ | | sup | superessive | Used, chiefly [[http:// | ||
+ | | del | delative | Used, chiefly [[http:// | ||
+ | | lat | lative | Denotes movement towards/ | ||
+ | | tem | temporal | Určuje čas. hu: hétkor = v sedm, éjfélkor = o půlnoci, karácsonykor = o Vánocích | | ||
+ | | ter | terminative | Specifies where something ends in space or time. Similar case in Basque is called terminal allative (Spanish //adlativo terminal//). ee: jõeni = down to the river; ee: kella kuueni = till six o' | ||
+ | | abs | absolutive | Subject of intransitive verb, direct object of transitive verb. | | ||
+ | | erg | ergative | Subject of transitive verb. | | ||
+ | | cau | causative / motivative | Noun in this case is the cause of something. hu: Hálás leszekérte. eu: jokaeragatik = because of behavior (jokaera = behavior) | | ||
+ | | ben | benefactive / destinative | Corresponds to the preposition " | ||
* Fine grained locative cases (Uralic languages) | * Fine grained locative cases (Uralic languages) | ||
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| **Inside of** | inessive | illative | elative | | | **Inside of** | inessive | illative | elative | | ||
| **Surface of** | adessive | allative | ablative | | | **Surface of** | adessive | allative | ablative | | ||
+ | | **Surface of** | superessive | sublative | delative | | ||
- | ==== Other cases ==== | + | http://en.wikipedia.org/ |
- | + | http://www.hungarianreference.com/Nouns/-n-superessive.aspx | |
- | (Not yet used in any tag set driver.) | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * Alternative locative cases | + | |
- | * sublative (similar to allative? | + | |
- | * delative (similar to ablative? | + | |
- | * superessive (similar to adessive? | + | |
- | + | ||
- | | | sublative | Směr "na něco", | + | |
- | | | delative | Směr "z, od", ale používá se i v jiných významech (např. "o něčem" | + | |
- | | | superessive | Určuje místo " | + | |
- | | tmp | temporal | Určuje čas. hu: hétkor = v sedm, éjfélkor = o půlnoci, karácsonykor = o Vánocích | | + | |
- | | | sociative | Podobný význam jako kauzativ. V& | + | |
- | | cau | causative | Vyjadřuje, že podstatné jméno je něčeho příčinou (" | + | |
- | | dis | distributive | Vyjadřuje, že se něco stalo každému prvku množiny, jednomu po druhém. Nebo vyjadřuje frekvenci v čase. hu: fejenként = na hlavu, esetenként = v některém případě, hetenként = jednou týdně, tízpercenként = každých deset minut | | + | |
Ten příklad s knihou u partitivu máš blbě, ne? " | Ten příklad s knihou u partitivu máš blbě, ne? " | ||
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| 2 | second (you) | | | 2 | second (you) | | ||
| 3 | third (he, she, it, they) | | | 3 | third (he, she, it, they) | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== possperson ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Possgender is possessor' | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | 1 | first (my, our) | | ||
+ | | 2 | second (your) | | ||
+ | | 3 | third (his, her, its, their) | | ||
===== politeness ===== | ===== politeness ===== | ||
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| jus | jussive (přací) | | | jus | jussive (přací) | | ||
| qot | quotative (Estonian: denotes direct speech) | | | qot | quotative (Estonian: denotes direct speech) | | ||
+ | | opt | optative (Turkish; "May you have a long life! If only I were rich!" | ||
+ | | des | desiderative (Turkish; "He wants to come." | ||
+ | | nec | necessitative (Turkish; "He must come. He should come." | ||
===== tense ===== | ===== tense ===== | ||
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| aor | aorist | | | aor | aorist | | ||
| imp | imperfect | | | imp | imperfect | | ||
+ | | nar | narrative (Turkish // | ||
| pqp | pluperfect | | | pqp | pluperfect | | ||
===== aspect ===== | ===== aspect ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | See [[http:// | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
| imp | imperfect | | | imp | imperfect | | ||
| perf | perfect | | | perf | perfect | | ||
+ | | pro | prospective | | ||
+ | | prog | progressive | | ||
===== voice ===== | ===== voice ===== | ||
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| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
| hyph | hyphenated prefix (" | | hyph | hyphenated prefix (" | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== echo ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Is this a reduplicative or echo word? Such words occur in Hindi. In Hyderabad Dependency Treebank they get their own part-of-speech tags RDP and ECH, respectively. We do not want to treat them as separate parts of speech because they could be assigned a POS independent of their RDP or ECH status (same as the word that they echo). We may want to merge this feature in future with '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Meaning** | **Explanation** | **Examples** | | ||
+ | | rdp | reduplicative | The word is a copy of a previous word. In Hindi, this would add the meaning of distribution ("one rupee each" | ||
+ | | ech | echo | The word rhymes with a previous word but it is not identical to it and typically id does not have any meaning of its own. In Hindi it generalizes the meaning of the previous word and eventually translates as "or something", | ||
+ | |||
+ | For more details see Rupert Snell and Simon Weightman: //Teach Yourself Hindi,// Section 16.4 and 16.5, pages 210 – 211. | ||
===== style ===== | ===== style ===== |