Differences

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--- user:zeman:interset:features [2013/11/18 14:56]
zeman Causative voice.
+++ user:zeman:interset:features [2014/06/24 18:10]
zeman Numerals.
@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ===== pos =====
-Part of speech. Pronouns, determiners, predeterminers and articles are roofed by nouns and adjectives, and distinguished by values of other features.
+Part of speech. Pronouns, determiners, predeterminers and articles are roofed by nouns and adjectives, and distinguished by values of other features. The ''num'' value is intended for cardinal numbers (''numtype = card''). Other types of numerals are roofed by syntactically defined parts of speech (adjectives or adverbs) and distinguished by values of ''numtype''.
 | **Value** | **Description** |
 | noun | noun |
 | adj | adjective |
-| num | numeral, number	|
+| num | numeral (cardinal number) |
 | verb | verb |
 | adv | adverb |
-| prep | preposition, postposition or circumposition (together also: adposition) |
+| adp | adposition (preposition, postposition or circumposition) |
 | conj | conjunction |
 | part | particle |
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 | punc | punctuation or symbol |
-===== subpos =====
+===== nountype =====
-Detailed part of speech. Subject to change - more value groups will probably be made separate features, e.g. ''verbtype''.
+| **Value** | **Description** |
+| com | common noun ("man", "dog", "house", "idea") |
+| prop | proper noun ("George", "Bush", "Paris") |
+| class | classifier (measure word) between number and counted noun, e.g. Chinese "個 gè" |
-| **Value** | **Main pos** | **Description** |
+===== adjtype =====
-| prop | noun | proper noun ("George", "Bush", "Paris") |
-| class | noun | classifier (measure word) between number and counted noun, e.g. Chinese "個 gè" |
+| **Value** | **Description** |
-| pdt | adj | predeterminer (adjectival word that can stand before an article, such as "all" in "all the flowers") |
+| pdt | predeterminer (adjectival word that can stand before an article, such as "all" in "all the flowers") |
-| det | adj | determiner (function word modifying a noun phrase: English "this", "that"); regarded indefinite/demonstrative pronoun in some tagsets; includes articles (see below) in some tagsets |
+| det | determiner (function word modifying a noun phrase: English "this", "that"); regarded indefinite/demonstrative pronoun in some tagsets; includes articles (see below) in some tagsets |
-| art | adj | article, i.e. determiner bearing only the feature of definiteness or indefinitess and nothing more (English "a", "an", "the", German "der", "die", "das", Portuguese "um", "uma", "o", "a", "os", "as") |
+| art | article, i.e. determiner bearing only the feature of definiteness or indefinitess and nothing more (English "a", "an", "the", German "der", "die", "das", Portuguese "um", "uma", "o", "a", "os", "as") |
-| aux | verb, part | auxiliary verb used to construct complex verb forms (Czech "být", English "have", "will") |
-| cop | verb | copula verb (Czech "být") |
-| mod | verb | modal verb (German "dürfen", "können", "mögen", "müssen", "sollen", "wollen", "wissen"; Czech "muset", "mít", "moci", "smět", "umět", "chtít"; English "must", "can", "shall"); note that adverbs and particles have their own ''mod'' subpos |
-| verbconj | verb | finite verb with the enclitic "-ť" (Czech "neboť" = "because") |
-| mod | adv, part | modal particle (Bulgarian "май" = "possibly", "нека" = "let"; Czech "ať", "kéž", "nechť") or adverb of modal nature (Bulgarian "апропо"); note that verbs have their own ''mod'' subpos |
-| adadj | adv | ad-adjective: special form in Finnish, derived from adjectives, used only to modify other adjectives (http://archives.conlang.info/pei/juenchen/phaelbhaduen.html) |
-| ex | adv | existential "there" in English |
-| voc | prep | vocalized preposition (Czech "ve" as opposed to base form "v") |
-| post | prep | postposition (German "entlang" in "der Strasse entlang") |
-| circ | prep | circumposition (German "von ... an" in "von dieser Stelle an") |
-| preppron | prep | preposition and pronoun in one word (Czech "proň" = "pro něj", "nač" = "na co") |
-| comprep | prep | first part of compound preposition (Czech "nehledě na", "vzhledem k") |
-| coor | conj | coordinating conjunction |
-| sub | conj | subordinating conjunction |
-| comp | conj | comparing conjunction (German "wie", "als") |
-| emp | part | particle of emphasis (Bulgarian "даже" = "even") |
-| res | part | particle of response ("yes", "no") |
-| inf | part | infinitive marker (English "to", German "zu", Danish "at", Swedish "att"). Sometimes tagged as particle, sometimes as conjunction, sometimes has its own part of speech. |
-| vbp | part | separated verb prefix (German "vor" in "stellen Sie sich vor"); analogical verbal particles in English? |
 ===== prontype =====
@@ Line 54: / Line 38: @@
 | **Value** | **Description** |
-| | Empty value means that this is not a pronoun but a real noun, adjective, adverb etc. This will be more useful once we completely remove the pronoun part of speech, distribute the pronouns to other syntactically similar parts of speech and set their prontype. |
+| | Empty value means that this is not a pronoun but a real noun, adjective, adverb etc. |
+| prn | The word is pronominal but we do not know the exact type. |
 | prs | Personal or possessive pronoun. Possessives are recognizable by the value of their poss feature. |
 | rcp | Reciprocal pronoun (German "einander", Danish "hinanden"). Similar to personal pronouns but occurs as special case in object position. |
@@ Line 73: / Line 58: @@
 | mult | multiplier number ("five times") |
 | frac | fraction ("one fifth") |
-| gen | generic numeral ("twofold", Czech "jedny", "čtvery", "čtvero", "čtverý") |
+| gen | generic numeral ("twofold", Czech "jedny", "čtvero", "čtverý") |
+| sets | number of sets of things, or of pluralia tantum (Czech "čtvery") |
 | dist | distributive numeral (Hungarian "három-három" in "gyermekenként három-három ezer forinttal" = "three thousand forint per child") |
+| range | range of values, subtype of card ("two-five" = "two to five") |
 ===== numform =====
@@ Line 109: / Line 96: @@
 Řada výskytů číslovek nemá (ani v té verzi 1) vyznačenu ani jednu hodnotu, např.: o kilku artykułach, przedstawił trzy swoje dzieła, wystąpił z sześcioma prelekcjami, z których trzy zostały...
+===== verbtype =====
+| **Value** | **Description** |
+| aux | auxiliary verb used to construct complex verb forms (Czech "být", English "have", "will") |
+| cop | copula verb (Czech "být") |
+| mod | modal verb (German "dürfen", "können", "mögen", "müssen", "sollen", "wollen", "wissen"; Czech "muset", "mít", "moci", "smět", "umět", "chtít"; English "must", "can", "shall"); note that adverbs and particles have their own ''mod'' subpos |
+| verbconj | finite verb with the enclitic "-ť" (Czech "neboť" = "because") |
 ===== advtype =====
@@ Line 120: / Line 115: @@
 | deg | adverb of quantity or degree ("how much") |
 | cau | adverb of cause ("why") |
+| mod | adverb of modal nature (Bulgarian "апропо") |
+| adadj | ad-adjective: special form in Finnish, derived from adjectives, used only to modify other adjectives (http://archives.conlang.info/pei/juenchen/phaelbhaduen.html) |
+| ex | existential "there" in English |
+===== adpostype =====
+| **Value** | **Description** |
+| voc | vocalized preposition (Czech "ve" as opposed to base form "v") |
+| post | postposition (German "entlang" in "der Strasse entlang") |
+| circ | circumposition (German "von ... an" in "von dieser Stelle an") |
+| preppron | preposition and pronoun in one word (Czech "proň" = "pro něj", "nač" = "na co") |
+| comprep | first part of compound preposition (Czech "nehledě na", "vzhledem k") |
+===== conjtype =====
+| **Value** | **Description** |
+| coor | coordinating conjunction |
+| sub | subordinating conjunction |
+| comp | comparing conjunction (German "wie", "als") |
+===== parttype =====
+| **Value** | **Description** |
+| mod | modal particle (Bulgarian "май" = "possibly", "нека" = "let"; Czech "ať", "kéž", "nechť") |
+| emp | particle of emphasis (Bulgarian "даже" = "even") |
+| res | particle of response ("yes", "no") |
+| inf | infinitive marker (English "to", German "zu", Danish "at", Swedish "att"). Sometimes tagged as particle, sometimes as conjunction, sometimes has its own part of speech. |
+| vbp | separated verb prefix (German "vor" in "stellen Sie sich vor"); analogical verbal particles in English? |
 ===== punctype =====
@@ Line 155: / Line 178: @@
 | adv | adverbial (like an adverb) |
 | pred | predicative adjective |
+===== morphpos =====
+A word's morphological paradigm may behave like a different part of speech than the word is assigned to. For example, Slovak noun //vstupné// “admission (fee)” behaves syntactically as noun, is tagged as noun, but it originates from an adjective and retains adjectival paradigm. The ''paradigm'' feature of the sk::snk tagset maps to this Interset feature.
+| **Value** | **Description** |
+| noun | nominal paradigm |
+| adj | adjectival paradigm |
+| pron | pronominal paradigm |
+| num | numeral paradigm |
+| adv | adverbial paradigm |
+| mix | mixed paradigm |
+| def | deficient paradigm (some declension forms are missing) |
 ===== poss =====
@@ Line 413: / Line 449: @@
 ===== tense =====
+Note: In Interset 1.0, there were two separate features, ''tense'' and ''subtense'', the latter consisting of the values ''aor'', ''imp'', ''nar'' and ''pqp''. We used to avoid hierarchical feature values (e.g. ''aor''ist implies ''past''; but many languages will only know ''past'' and their drivers will not check for the ''aor'' value). Hierarchical ordering of feature values is now normal and there are algorithms to exploit the hierarchy when a feature has to be replaced by another value, thus these two features have been merged.
+Note that, unfortunately, imperfect tense is not always the same as past tense + imperfective aspect. For instance, in Bulgarian, there is lexical aspect, inherent in verb meaning, and grammatical aspect, which does not necessarily always match the lexical one. In main clauses, imperfective verbs can have imperfect tense and perfective verbs have perfect tense. However, both rules can be violated in embedded clauses. Aorist is aspect-neutral and can freely appear with both imperfective and perfective verbs.
 | **Value** | **Description** |
@@ Line 418: / Line 458: @@
 | pres | present |
 | fut | future |
-===== subtense =====
-Finer classification of tenses, may not be available in all languages. (And in many languages, these tenses are built using auxiliaries, rather than special morphemes.) Having these separated from the main past-present-future distinction allows that drivers need not check for aorist/imperfect, if they know just one past tense.
-Note that, unfortunately, imperfect tense is not always the same as past tense + imperfective aspect. For instance, in Bulgarian, there is lexical aspect, inherent in verb meaning, and grammatical aspect, which does not necessarily always match the lexical one. In main clauses, imperfective verbs can have imperfect tense and perfective verbs have perfect tense. However, both rules can be violated in embedded clauses. Aorist is aspect-neutral and can freely appear with both imperfective and perfective verbs.
-| **Value** | **Description** |
 | aor | aorist |
 | imp | imperfect |
@@ Line 447: / Line 479: @@
 | pass | passive |
 | rcp | reciprocal (Turkish "karıştı", "tutuştular") |
-| caus | causative (Turkish "karıştırıyor" ("is confusing")) |
+| cau | causative (Turkish "karıştırıyor" ("is confusing")) |
-{{:user:zeman:treebanks:ttbankkl.pdf|Documentation}} of the METU Sabanci treebank classifies causative as voice (page 26).
+{{:user:zeman:treebanks:ttbankkl.pdf|Documentation}} of the METU Sabanci treebank classifies causative as voice (page 26). Note that this is a feature of verbs. There are languages that have also the causative case of nouns.
 ===== abbr =====

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