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--- user:zeman:interset:features [2014/06/26 12:37]
zeman New value "oper" of feature "conjtype".
+++ user:zeman:interset:features [2015/01/23 17:06]
zeman
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 | part | particle |
 | int | interjection |
-| punc | punctuation or symbol |
+| punc | punctuation |
+| sym | symbol |
+The difference between punctuation and symbols is that punctuation delimits parts of the sentence while symbols can be substituted for a word. For example, //$// is not a punctuation, it is another form of writing the noun //dollar.// See also [[http://universaldependencies.github.io/docs/u/pos/SYM.html|the definition of SYM]] for the Universal Dependencies.
 ===== nountype =====
@@ Line 23: / Line 26: @@
 | prop | proper noun ("George", "Bush", "Paris") |
 | class | classifier (measure word) between number and counted noun, e.g. Chinese "個 gè" |
+===== nametype =====
+Semantic classification of named entities and terms.
+| **Value** | **Description** |
+| geo | geographical name ("Praha", "Ústí nad Labem") |
+| prs | personal name (no first/last distinction available) |
+| giv | given (first) name ("Petr", "John") |
+| sur | surname (last name) ("Dvořák", "Zelený", "Agassi", "Bush") |
+| nat | nationality ("Čech", "Kolumbijec") or a name of an inhabitant of certain location ("Pražan") |
+| com | company ("Tatra" (the company)) |
+| pro | product ("Tatra" (the car)) |
+| oth | other named entity, e.g.: mines, stadiums, guerilla bases etc. Also used for functional words in names. |
+| col | color indication |
+| sci | term from natural sciences |
+| che | chemical term |
+| med | medical term |
+| tec | general technical term |
+| cel | term from computers and electronics |
+| gov | term from politics, government, military |
+| jus | term from justice |
+| fin | financial or economic term |
+| env | term from ecology, environment |
+| cul | term from culture, education, arts, humanities |
+| spo | term from sports |
+| hob | term from hobby, leisure, traveling |
 ===== adjtype =====
+A deprecated feature. The only value that has not yet been moved elsewhere is ''pdt''.
 | **Value** | **Description** |
-| pdt | predeterminer (adjectival word that can stand before an article, such as "all" in "all the flowers") |
+| pdt | predeterminer (it is a special form of determiner; it is an adjectival word that can stand before an article, such as "all" in "all the flowers") |
-| det | determiner (function word modifying a noun phrase: English "this", "that"); regarded indefinite/demonstrative pronoun in some tagsets; includes articles (see below) in some tagsets |
-| art | article, i.e. determiner bearing only the feature of definiteness or indefinitess and nothing more (English "a", "an", "the", German "der", "die", "das", Portuguese "um", "uma", "o", "a", "os", "as") |
 ===== prontype =====
-This is a new (September 2007) feature applied first to the Bulgarian CoNLL tag set. It takes over the pronoun classification that has been so far kept in the definiteness feature. See the [[brainstorming]] section for further details on lexical and morphological definiteness.
+Although it reads as "pronoun type" (and we use the word "pronoun" for simplicity), it is also applied to words that are usually not considered pronouns, such as determiners, interrogative/indefinite adverbs (where, there, when, then, how, why) etc.
-Although it reads as "pronoun type" (and we use the word "pronoun" for simplicity), it is also applied to words that are usually not considered pronouns, such as interrogative/indefinite adverbs (where, there, when, then, how, why).
 | **Value** | **Description** |
 | | Empty value means that this is not a pronoun but a real noun, adjective, adverb etc. |
-| prn | The word is pronominal but we do not know the exact type. |
+| prn | The word is pronominal (or determiner) but we do not know the exact type. |
-| prs | Personal or possessive pronoun. Possessives are recognizable by the value of their poss feature. |
+| prs | Personal or possessive pronoun. Possessives are recognizable by the value of their poss feature. Reflexive pronouns are distinguished from normal personal/possessive pronouns by the value of their reflex feature. |
 | rcp | Reciprocal pronoun (German "einander", Danish "hinanden"). Similar to personal pronouns but occurs as special case in object position. |
-| int | Interrogative pronoun ("who", "what", "which"). |
+| art | Article, i.e. determiner bearing only the feature of definiteness or indefinitess and nothing more (English "a", "an", "the", German "der", "die", "das", Portuguese "um", "uma", "o", "a", "os", "as"). |
-| rel | Relative pronoun. Many interrogative pronouns in many languages can also be used as relative pronouns. However, in some languages there are pronouns that fall in one of the categories but not both (Czech "jenž" is only relative; in Bulgarian, relatives are completely separated from interrogatives). For words that can be both interrogative and relative, "int" is the default value. |
+| int | Interrogative pronoun / determiner / adverb ("who", "what", "which"). |
-| dem | Demonstrative pronoun ("this", "that"). Being a demonstrative pronoun is not the same as being definite (definiteness=def), although the two feature-values are similar. |
+| rel | Relative pronoun / determiner / adverb. Many interrogative pronouns in many languages can also be used as relative pronouns. However, in some languages there are pronouns that fall in one of the categories but not both (Czech "jenž" is only relative; in Bulgarian, relatives are completely separated from interrogatives). For words that can be both interrogative and relative, "int" is the default value. |
-| neg | Negative pronoun ("nobody, nothing, none"). This is not the same as the negativeness feature. Unlike e.g. negative and positive adjectives or verbs, negative pronouns are not complements of some "positive" pronouns. Instead, they usually correspond to zero, nothing. |
+| exc | Exclamative pronoun / determiner, expresses the speaker's surprise towards the modified noun, e.g. "what" in "What a surprise!" In many languages, exclamative determiners are recruited from the set of interrogative determiners. Therefore, not all tagsets distinguish them. For instance, they are distinguished in Spanish (es::conll2009), Catalan (ca::conll2009) and Persian (fa::conll). |
-| ind | Indefinite pronoun ("somebody", "something", "anybody", "anything"). Being an indefinite pronoun is not the same as being morphologically indefinite (definiteness=ind). For instance, in Bulgarian there are morphologically definite lexically indefinite pronouns ("едната", "едното", "едните", "нещата"). In some languages, we could subclassify the indefinite pronouns into "few" ("málokdo"), "ind" ("někdo"), "mny" ("leckdo"), "any" ("kdokoli" - anybody you pick but you pick only one, not all at once; this is the difference from the totality pronouns) |
+| dem | Demonstrative pronoun / determiner / adverb ("this", "that"). Being a demonstrative pronoun is not the same as being definite (definiteness=def), although the two feature-values are similar. |
-| tot | Totality (universal) pronoun ("everybody", "everything") |
+| neg | Negative pronoun / determiner / adverb ("nobody, nothing, none"). This is not the same as the negativeness feature. Unlike e.g. negative and positive adjectives or verbs, negative pronouns are not complements of some "positive" pronouns. Instead, they usually correspond to zero, nothing. |
+| ind | Indefinite pronoun / determiner / adverb ("somebody", "something", "anybody", "anything"). Being an indefinite pronoun is not the same as being morphologically indefinite (definiteness=ind). For instance, in Bulgarian there are morphologically definite lexically indefinite pronouns ("едната", "едното", "едните", "нещата"). In some languages, we could subclassify the indefinite pronouns into "few" ("málokdo"), "ind" ("někdo"), "mny" ("leckdo"), "any" ("kdokoli" - anybody you pick but you pick only one, not all at once; this is the difference from the totality pronouns) |
+| tot | Total (universal) pronoun / determiner / adverb ("everybody", "everything") |
 ===== numtype =====
@@ Line 103: / Line 133: @@
 | cop | copula verb (Czech "být") |
 | mod | modal verb (German "dürfen", "können", "mögen", "müssen", "sollen", "wollen", "wissen"; Czech "muset", "mít", "moci", "smět", "umět", "chtít"; English "must", "can", "shall"); note that adverbs and particles have their own ''mod'' subpos |
+| light | light (support) verb in verbo-nominal constructions (Japanese "suru") |
 | verbconj | finite verb with the enclitic "-ť" (Czech "neboť" = "because") |
@@ Line 115: / Line 146: @@
 | deg | adverb of quantity or degree ("how much") |
 | cau | adverb of cause ("why") |
-| mod | adverb of modal nature (Bulgarian "апропо") |
+| mod | adverb of modal nature (Bulgarian "апропо", Czech "možno", "nutno", "radno", "třeba") |
+| sta | adverb of state (Czech "plno", "zima", "chyba", "škoda", "volno", "nanic") |
 | adadj | ad-adjective: special form in Finnish, derived from adjectives, used only to modify other adjectives (http://archives.conlang.info/pei/juenchen/phaelbhaduen.html) |
 | ex | existential "there" in English |
@@ Line 122: / Line 154: @@
 | **Value** | **Description** |
-| voc | vocalized preposition (Czech "ve" as opposed to base form "v") |
+| prep | preposition ("in", "on", "to", "from") |
 | post | postposition (German "entlang" in "der Strasse entlang") |
 | circ | circumposition (German "von ... an" in "von dieser Stelle an") |
+| voc | vocalized preposition (Czech "ve" as opposed to base form "v") |
 | preppron | preposition and pronoun in one word (Czech "proň" = "pro něj", "nač" = "na co") |
 | comprep | first part of compound preposition (Czech "nehledě na", "vzhledem k") |
@@ Line 159: / Line 192: @@
 | semi | semicolon |
 | dash | dash |
-| symb | symbol |
 | root | artificial sentence root node, beginning of sentence |
@@ Line 171: / Line 203: @@
 ===== synpos =====
+**WARNING!** This feature is deprecated. Most likely it will not be used in Interset version 2 drivers.
 Does the pronoun or numeral behave syntactically as a noun, adjective, or adverb?
@@ Line 231: / Line 265: @@
 | **Value** | **Description** |
 | foreign | foreign word (not a loan word but a citation in a foreign language — e.g., the title of a foreign book) |
+| fscript | foreign word written in a foreign script, e.g. "सगरमाथा" in English text |
+| tscript | foreign word transcribed from a foreign script, e.g. "Sagaramāthā" in English text |
 ===== gender =====
@@ Line 269: / Line 305: @@
 | sing | singular |
 | dual | dual |
-| plu | plural |
+| plur | plural |
 | ptan | plurale tantum |
 | coll | collective / mass / singulare tantum |
@@ Line 284: / Line 320: @@
 | sing | singular |
 | dual | dual |
-| plu | plural |
+| plur | plural |
 It applies e.g. to possessive pronouns and it can be different from their grammatical number, which is governed by agreement with the modified (possessed) noun phrase. Czech example: //můj pes// "my dog" (grammatical singular, possessor singular), //mí psi// "my dogs" (grammatical plural, possessor singular), //náš pes// "our dog" (grammatical singular, possessor plural), //naši psi// "our dogs" (grammatical plural, possessor plural).
@@ Line 295: / Line 331: @@
 | sing | singular |
 | dual | dual |
-| plu | plural |
+| plur | plural |
 In Hungarian, possession can be marked on the possessor or on the possessed. It is possible, though rare, that a noun has three distinct number features: its own grammatical number, number of its possessor and number of its possession. Examples from the Multext-East Hungarian lexicon:
@@ Line 401: / Line 437: @@
 | 2 | second (you) |
 | 3 | third (he, she, it, they) |
+Note that this feature is used also for possessive pronouns, where it means the person of the possessor. E.g. "my" has person=1, "your" has person=2, "their" has person=3.
 ===== possperson =====
-Possgender is possessor's person, marked e.g. in Hungarian.
+Possperson is possessor's person, marked e.g. in Hungarian. Don't use it for possessive pronouns (use [[https://wiki.ufal.ms.mff.cuni.cz/user:zeman:interset:features#person|person]] instead).
 | **Value** | **Description** |
@@ Line 416: / Line 454: @@
 | inf | informal (Czech "ty/vy", German "du/ihr", Spanish "tú/vosotros") |
 | pol | polite (Czech "vy", German "Sie", Spanish "usted") |
+===== (abs|erg|dat)(person|number|politeness|gender) =====
+In quite a few languages, finite verb forms agree in person and number with the subject. In Basque, a subset of verbs agree with up to three arguments: one in the absolutive case, one in ergative and one in dative. To distinguish the different values of person, number (and politeness and rarely even gender), there are special features for each of the three arguments. Their names contain the three-letter code of the case of the argument: ''absperson'', ''absnumber'', ''ergperson'', ''ergnumber'' etc. The value range is identical to the base features. That is, ''absnumber'', ''ergnumber'' and ''datnumber'' may get the same values as ''number''.
 ===== subcat =====
-There are tag sets (e.g. Bulgarian CoNLL) that classify verbs as intransitive or transitive. It turns out that a Bulgarian verb can have set both features type=aux && trans=t. That is why we cannot mix transitivity and auxiliarity in subpos.
+There are tag sets (e.g. Bulgarian CoNLL) that classify verbs as intransitive or transitive.
 | **Value** | **Description** |
@@ Line 433: / Line 475: @@
 | part | participle (present ("doing"), past ("done"), passive (Czech "udělán" distinguished from adjective "udělaný" by variant=short)), gerundive |
 | trans | transgressive, adverbial participle (modifies other verbs, behaves like adverb; Czech present "dělaje", past "udělav") |
-| ger | [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerund|gerund]] ([[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbal_noun|verbal noun]]) |
+| ger | [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerund|gerund]] ([[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbal_noun|verbal noun]]). Latin //gerundium:// "amare" => genitive "amandi", dative "amando", accusative "(ad) amandum", ablative "amando". |
+| gdv | [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerundive|gerundive]] ([[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attributive_verb|verbal adjective]]). Latin //gerundivum:// "portāre" => "portandus, portanda, portandum" |
 ===== mood =====
@@ Line 478: / Line 521: @@
 | **Value** | **Description** |
 | act | active |
+| mid | middle (Ancient Greek; neither active nor passive but somewhere inbetween; they have also mediopassive, which can be expressed as "voice=mid<nowiki>|</nowiki>pass") |
 | pass | passive |
 | rcp | reciprocal (Turkish "karıştı", "tutuştular") |
@@ Line 504: / Line 548: @@
 | **Value** | **Meaning** | **Explanation** | **Examples** |
 | rdp | reduplicative | The word is a copy of a previous word. In Hindi, this would add the meaning of distribution ("one rupee each"), separation ("sit separately"), variety, diversity or just emphasis. | hi: "कभी - कभी" = "kabhī - kabhī" = "sometimes", "कभी" = "kabhī" = "sometimes"; "एक एक" = "eka eka" = "one each", "एक" = "eka" = "one" |
-| ech | echo | The word rhymes with a previous word but it is not identical to it and typically id does not have any meaning of its own. In Hindi it generalizes the meaning of the previous word and eventually translates as "or something", "etc." etc. | hi: "चाय वाय" = "čāya vāya" = "tea or something" (as in "Have some tea or something.") |
+| ech | echo | The word rhymes with a previous word but it is not identical to it and typically it does not have any meaning of its own. In Hindi it generalizes the meaning of the previous word and eventually translates as "or something", "etc." etc. | hi: "चाय वाय" = "čāya vāya" = "tea or something" (as in "Have some tea or something.") |
 For more details see Rupert Snell and Simon Weightman: //Teach Yourself Hindi,// Section 16.4 and 16.5, pages 210 – 211.
@@ Line 511: / Line 555: @@
 | **Value** | **Description** |
-| arch | archaic, obsolete, rare |
+| arch | archaic, obsolete |
+| rare | rare |
 | form | formal, literary |
+| poet | poetic |
 | norm | normal, neutral |
 | coll | colloquial |
 | vrnc | vernacular |
 | slng | slang |
+| expr | expressive, emotional |
 | derg | derogative |
 | vulg | vulgar |
@@ Line 553: / Line 600: @@
 Only information that cannot be stored in other features should be stored here.
 The apparently easiest approach — to store the complete original tag — will not work if the user needs to change feature values between decode() and encode().
+Note that the ''tagset'' feature may sometimes refer to a related but different driver. For instance, drivers ''cs::pmk'' and ''cs::pmkkr'' are related. The latter is a reduced version of the former and its implementation uses the code of the driver for ''cs::pmk''. Both drivers share their interpretation of the values of the ''other'' feature. They thus also use the same value of the ''tagset'' feature, namely ''cs::pmk''. Sharing this identifier helps one driver understand the ''other'' values set by the other driver. The derived driver has its own identifier, ''cs::pmkkr'', but this identifier is never mentioned in the feature structures. It would be more precise to say that the ''tagset'' feature identifies the language used in the feature structure, rather than the source tagset.

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