Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- user:zeman:interset:features [2015/02/10 11:31]
zeman New feature: position.
+++ user:zeman:interset:features [2017/01/16 13:17]
zeman Animacy.
@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 | exc | Exclamative pronoun / determiner, expresses the speaker's surprise towards the modified noun, e.g. "what" in "What a surprise!" In many languages, exclamative determiners are recruited from the set of interrogative determiners. Therefore, not all tagsets distinguish them. For instance, they are distinguished in Spanish (es::conll2009), Catalan (ca::conll2009) and Persian (fa::conll). |
 | dem | Demonstrative pronoun / determiner / adverb ("this", "that"). Being a demonstrative pronoun is not the same as being definite (definiteness=def), although the two feature-values are similar. |
+| emp | Emphatic pronoun / determiner. There are similarities with reflexive and demonstrative pronouns / determiners. Example: "himself" as in "He himself did it." Czech "sám", Romanian "însuși". |
 | neg | Negative pronoun / determiner / adverb ("nobody, nothing, none"). This is not the same as the negativeness feature. Unlike e.g. negative and positive adjectives or verbs, negative pronouns are not complements of some "positive" pronouns. Instead, they usually correspond to zero, nothing. |
 | ind | Indefinite pronoun / determiner / adverb ("somebody", "something", "anybody", "anything"). Being an indefinite pronoun is not the same as being morphologically indefinite (definiteness=ind). For instance, in Bulgarian there are morphologically definite lexically indefinite pronouns ("едната", "едното", "едните", "нещата"). In some languages, we could subclassify the indefinite pronouns into "few" ("málokdo"), "ind" ("někdo"), "mny" ("leckdo"), "any" ("kdokoli" - anybody you pick but you pick only one, not all at once; this is the difference from the totality pronouns) |
@@ Line 286: / Line 287: @@
 | neut | neuter |
-===== animateness =====
+===== animacy =====
 | **Value** | **Description** |
 | anim | animate |
-| nhum | animate but not human |
 | inan | inanimate |
+| hum  | human |
+| nhum | not human |
-The distinction of human vs. nonhuman occurs in Polish grammar, e.g. the word "który" (which):
+Some languages distinguish only animate vs. inanimate, where the animate category includes humans, animals, fictious characters and sometimes also personified things. Some languages distinguish human vs. nonhuman, i.e. animals fall into the latter category. Some languages, e.g. Polish (see below) have a three-value system: human vs. animate non-human vs. inanimate. In that case we use the ''nhum'' value to denote the non-human animates, i.e. it excludes inanimates (while in hum-nhum systems, the ''nhum'' label includes inanimates).
+The Polish word "który" (which) is an example of three-value animacy:
 | gender | sg-nom | sg-gen | sg-dat | sg-acc | sg-ins | sg-loc | pl-nom | pl-gen | pl-dat | pl-acc | pl-ins | pl-loc |
@@ Line 371: / Line 375: @@
 | voc | vocative | cs: dome, budovo = hey, you house! |
 | loc | locative | cs: v&nbsp;domě, budově = in a house; used also for locative genitive (as opposed to possessive genitive) in Basque: talde anarkistako = group of anarchists |
-| ins | instrumental | cs: domem, budovou = with/through/using/by a house |
+| ins | instrumental / instructive | cs: domem, budovou = with/through/using/by a house. A semantically similar case called instructive is used rarely in Finnish to express “with (the aid of)”. It can be applied to infinitives that behave much like nouns in Finnish. We propose one label for both instrumental and instructive (instrumental is not defined in Finnish). Examples: [fi] lähteä “to leave”; 2003 lähtien “since 2003” (second infinitive in the instructive case); yllättää “to surprise”; sekaantui yllättäen valtataisteluun lit. was-involved-in by-surprise.Ins power-struggle.Ill. |
-| ist | instructive | Used rarely in Finnish to express "with (the aid of)", i.e. semantically similar to instrumental (which is not defined in Finnish grammar). Shall we merge instructive with instrumental? |
 | abl | ablative | hu: a barátomtól jövök = jdu od kamaráda fi: pöydältä = se stolu; katolta = se střechy; rannalta = z pláže |
 | par | partitive | Ve finštině vyjadřuje neznámou identitu a neukončené akce bez výsledku. Příklady užití: kolme taloa = tři domy (koncovka -a u talo); rakastan tätä taloa = mám rád tento dům; saanko lainata kirjaa? = můžu si půjčit tu knihu? (koncovka -a u kirja); lasissa on maitoa = ve sklenici je (nějaké) mléko; akuzativ: ammuin karhun = zastřelil jsem medvěda (a vím, že je mrtvý); partitiv: ammuin karhua = střelil jsem po medvědovi (a nevím ani, jestli jsem ho trefil); Akuzativ (v opozici k partitivu) taky může suplovat chybějící budoucí čas: akuzativ: luen kirjan = přečtu si tu knihu; partitiv: luen kirjaa = čtu knihu |
@@ Line 427: / Line 430: @@
 | **Value** | **Description** |
 | pos | positive, first degree (note that although this degree is traditionally called "positive", negative properties can be compared, too) |
-| comp | comparative, second degree |
+| cmp | comparative, second degree |
 | sup | superlative, third degree |
 | abs | absolute superlative |
 | dim | diminutive (used for nouns e.g. in Dutch: "stoeltje", "huisje", "nippertje") |
+| aug | augmentative (for nouns, opposite of diminutive; both dim and aug are used in the Freeling tagset of Portuguese |
 ===== person =====

[ Back to the navigation ] [ Back to the content ]

Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics Wiki

Differences