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--- user:zeman:interset:features [2016/09/30 08:08]
zeman Augmentative.
+++ user:zeman:interset:features [2017/01/16 13:21]
zeman
@@ Line 242: / Line 242: @@
 | reflex | reflexive |
-===== negativeness =====
+===== polarity =====
 | **Value** | **Description** |
@@ Line 287: / Line 287: @@
 | neut | neuter |
-===== animateness =====
+===== animacy =====
 | **Value** | **Description** |
 | anim | animate |
-| nhum | animate but not human |
 | inan | inanimate |
+| hum  | human |
+| nhum | not human |
-The distinction of human vs. nonhuman occurs in Polish grammar, e.g. the word "który" (which):
+Some languages distinguish only animate vs. inanimate, where the animate category includes humans, animals, fictious characters and sometimes also personified things. Some languages distinguish human vs. nonhuman, i.e. animals fall into the latter category. Some languages, e.g. Polish (see below) have a three-value system: human vs. animate non-human vs. inanimate. In that case we use the ''nhum'' value to denote the non-human animates, i.e. it excludes inanimates (while in hum-nhum systems, the ''nhum'' label includes inanimates).
+The Polish word "który" (which) is an example of three-value animacy:
 | gender | sg-nom | sg-gen | sg-dat | sg-acc | sg-ins | sg-loc | pl-nom | pl-gen | pl-dat | pl-acc | pl-ins | pl-loc |
@@ Line 451: / Line 454: @@
 | 3 | third (his, her, its, their) |
-===== politeness =====
+===== polite =====
 | **Value** | **Description** |
-| inf | informal (Czech "ty/vy", German "du/ihr", Spanish "tú/vosotros") |
+| infm | informal (Czech "ty/vy", German "du/ihr", Spanish "tú/vosotros") |
-| pol | polite (Czech "vy", German "Sie", Spanish "usted") |
+| form | formal / polite (Czech "vy", German "Sie", Spanish "usted") |
+| elev | elevated status of referent/addressee, subtype of ''form'' |
+| humb | humbled status of speaker, subtype of ''form'' |
-===== (abs|erg|dat)(person|number|politeness|gender) =====
+===== (abs|erg|dat)(person|number|polite|gender) =====
 In quite a few languages, finite verb forms agree in person and number with the subject. In Basque, a subset of verbs agree with up to three arguments: one in the absolutive case, one in ergative and one in dative. To distinguish the different values of person, number (and politeness and rarely even gender), there are special features for each of the three arguments. Their names contain the three-letter code of the case of the argument: ''absperson'', ''absnumber'', ''ergperson'', ''ergnumber'' etc. The value range is identical to the base features. That is, ''absnumber'', ''ergnumber'' and ''datnumber'' may get the same values as ''number''.
@@ Line 488: / Line 493: @@
 | sup | supine (with motion verbs: "go do something"; infinitive used in languages where there is no supine) |
 | part | participle (present ("doing"), past ("done"), passive (Czech "udělán" distinguished from adjective "udělaný" by variant=short)), gerundive |
-| trans | transgressive, adverbial participle (modifies other verbs, behaves like adverb; Czech present "dělaje", past "udělav") |
+| conv | converb, transgressive, adverbial participle (modifies other verbs, behaves like adverb; Czech present "dělaje", past "udělav"; some authors also call it gerund!) |
 | ger | [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerund|gerund]] ([[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbal_noun|verbal noun]]). Latin //gerundium:// "amare" => genitive "amandi", dative "amando", accusative "(ad) amandum", ablative "amando". |
 | gdv | [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerundive|gerundive]] ([[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attributive_verb|verbal adjective]]). Latin //gerundivum:// "portāre" => "portandus, portanda, portandum" |

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