Part of speech. Pronouns, determiners, predeterminers and articles are roofed by nouns and adjectives, and distinguished by values of other features.

Detailed part of speech.

This is a new (September 2007) feature applied first to the Bulgarian CoNLL tag set. It takes over the pronoun classification that has been so far kept in the definiteness feature. See the brainstorming section for further details on lexical and morphological definiteness.

Although it reads as “pronoun type” (and we use the word “pronoun” for simplicity), it is also applied to words that are usually not considered pronouns, such as interrogative/indefinite adverbs (where, there, when, then, how, why).

Subclasses of numerals. See also prontype (interrogative and indefinite numerals set it), numform and numvalue.

Is a number expressed by a word or by digits? Depending on tokenization and tagging scheme, this feature may be orthogonal to the distinction between cardinals and ordinals.

Low-value numerals display special behavior in some languages (e.g. Czech). This feature helps distinguish them. See also accommodability.

Note that this feature has not been approved so far, as it only occurs rarely in the old version of the Polish corpus, and it is not clear what exactly it encodes.

In Polish, special behavior of numerals (cf. numvalue) cannot be predicted from the value of the number. So unlike the tagset for Czech, Polish IPI PAN tagset (version 1 only; it disappeared from version 2) takes a different approach and encodes “accommodability”. The key question is: Does the numeral agree in case with the counted noun, or does it govern the noun and force it to genitive plural?

Příklady rec: trzech wileńskich i dwóch warszawskich; wyszło wielu znakomitych uczonych, pobierało dwunastu studentów, pięciu mych współpracowników; dziewięciu profesorów opowiedziało się

Příklady congr: obaj byli indywidualnościami; wszyci trzej prowadzili; dwaj synowie: Czesław; obaj synowie studiowali; czterej profesorowie głosowali

Řada výskytů číslovek nemá (ani v té verzi 1) vyznačenu ani jednu hodnotu, např.: o kilku artykułach, przedstawił trzy swoje dzieła, wystąpił z sześcioma prelekcjami, z których trzy zostały…

Subclasses of adverbs. See also prontype (pronominal adverbs set it).

Punctuation type.

Distinguishes between initial and final form of pairwise punctuation (brackets, quotation marks). Note that “initial” and “final” are better terms than “left” and “right”. The latter would be confusing in languages writing from right to left, like Arabic.

Does the pronoun or numeral behave syntactically as a noun, adjective, or adverb?

Is this a possessive adjective or pronoun?

Is this a reflexive pronoun?

Distinguishes also negative pronouns like “nothing.”

See also the prontype feature.

Possgender is possessor's gender.

The distinction of human vs. nonhuman occurs in Polish grammar, e.g. the word “który” (which):

Possnumber is possessor's number.

(Not yet used in any tag set driver.)

• Fine grained locative cases (Finno-Ugric languages)

• Alternative locative cases
  • sublative (similar to allative?)
  • delative (similar to ablative?)
  • superessive (similar to adessive?)

Personal pronouns in some languages have different forms depending on whether they are objects of prepositions or not. For instance, Czech “on” (he) without prepositions has the forms jemu/DAT, jeho/ACC, jím/INS, while with a preposition it is němu/DAT, něho/ACC, ním/INS. Similarly, Portuguese pronouns in prepositional oblique case take forms different from oblique pronouns serving as direct objects of verbs: eu/NOM (I), me/ACC (give me that), mim/PREP-ACC (come to me).

Default empty value means that the word form is neutral w.r.t. a prepositional head.

Degree of comparison.

There are tag sets (e.g. Bulgarian CoNLL) that classify verbs as intransitive or transitive. It turns out that a Bulgarian verb can have set both features type=aux && trans=t. That is why we cannot mix transitivity and auxiliarity in subpos.

Finer classification of tenses, may not be available in all languages. (And in many languages, these tenses are built using auxiliaries, rather than special morphemes.) Having these separated from the main past-present-future distinction allows that drivers need not check for aorist/imperfect, if they know just one past tense.

Note that, unfortunately, imperfect tense is not always the same as past tense + imperfective aspect. For instance, in Bulgarian, there is lexical aspect, inherent in verb meaning, and grammatical aspect, which does not necessarily always match the lexical one. In main clauses, imperfective verbs can have imperfect tense and perfective verbs have perfect tense. However, both rules can be violated in embedded clauses. Aorist is aspect-neutral and can freely appear with both imperfective and perfective verbs.

Is this an abbreviation?

Is this a part of a hyphenated compound?

Indicates bad spelling, grammatical error etc. Does not say how the correct form looks like. Must be separated from the style feature because there can be typo in archaic as well as colloquial form.

Allows for distinguishing between word forms that otherwise would share values of all features.

The tagset feature identifies the source tag set driver. Value should be identical to the name of the driver that filled the feature values. (The recommended format is same as in the use statement, without the tagset:: prefix, e.g. “de::stts”. Works together with the “other” feature.

Feature “other”
Any value or reference to array or hash is allowed. Serves to preserve information if the decoding driver happens to be the one who did the encoding. No other driver should expect anything meaningful here.
Only information that cannot be stored in other features should be stored here.
The apparently easiest approach — to store the complete original tag — will not work if the user needs to change feature values between decode() and encode().