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user:zeman:interset:verb-forms [2008/04/04 19:02]
zeman Past. 		user:zeman:interset:verb-forms [2008/04/04 20:23]
zeman
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 Simple past indicates action that took place in past. Some languages (e.g. Czech) have only this one past tense. Others have more refined tense system that allow to express whether the action has been completed (**perfect**) or not (**imperfect**), whether it was running while something else was being done etc. In Czech however, the perfect/imperfect aspect is lexically inherent, so that past perfect is replaced by simple past tense of a perfective verb. Simple past indicates action that took place in past. Some languages (e.g. Czech) have only this one past tense. Others have more refined tense system that allow to express whether the action has been completed (**perfect**) or not (**imperfect**), whether it was running while something else was being done etc. In Czech however, the perfect/imperfect aspect is lexically inherent, so that past perfect is replaced by simple past tense of a perfective verb.
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 +Czech past tense is formed by **past participle** of the main verb and (in 1st and 2nd person only) present form of the auxiliary verb //být//. The participle is decoded with ''tense = past''.
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 +| Person | Number |
 +| | Singular | Plural|
 +| 1st | //nesl jsem// | //nesli jsme// |
 +| 2nd | //nesl jsi// | //nesli jste// |
 +| 3rd | //nesl// | //nesli// |
 +
 +German imperfect past tense //(Präteritum)// is formed synthetically. Perfect past tense //(Perfekt)// is formed analytically by present form of the auxiliary verb //haben// and past participle of the main verb. Pluperfect past tense //(Plusquamperfekt)// is formed analytically by imperfect past form of the auxiliary verb //haben// or //sein// and past participle of the main verb. The imperfect past forms and the participle are decoded with ''tense = past''.
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 +| Person | Imperfect | | Perfect | | Pluperfect |
 +| | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
 +| 1st | //ich machte// | //wir machten// | //ich habe gemacht// | //wir haben gemacht// | //ich hatte gemacht// | //wir hatten gemacht// |
 +| 2nd | //du machtest// | //ihr machtet// | //du hast gemacht// | //ihr habt gemacht// | //du hattest gemacht// | //ihr hattet gemacht// |
 +| 3rd | //er machte// | //sie machten// | //er hat gemacht// | //sie haben gemacht// | //er hatte gemacht// | //sie hatten gemacht// |
 +
 +The same holds for English:
 +
 +| Person | Imperfect | | Perfect | | Pluperfect |
 +| | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
 +| 1st | //I did// | //we did// | //I have done// | //we have done// | //I had done// | //we had done// |
 +| 2nd | //you did// | //you did// | //you have done// | //you have done// | //you had done// | //you had done// |
 +| 3rd | //he did// | //they did// | //he has done// | //they have done// | //he had done// | //they had done// |
 +

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