[ Skip to the content ]

Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics Wiki

[ Back to the navigation ]

You are here: start » user » zeman » interset » verb-forms

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revision Previous revision
Next revision 		Previous revision
Next revision Both sides next revision
user:zeman:interset:verb-forms [2008/04/04 20:23]
zeman 		user:zeman:interset:verb-forms [2008/04/05 00:16]
zeman Imperfect.
Line 112: Line 112:
 | 2nd | //you did// | //you did// | //you have done// | //you have done// | //you had done// | //you had done// | | 2nd | //you did// | //you did// | //you have done// | //you have done// | //you had done// | //you had done// |
 | 3rd | //he did// | //they did// | //he has done// | //they have done// | //he had done// | //they had done// | | 3rd | //he did// | //they did// | //he has done// | //they have done// | //he had done// | //they had done// |
 +
 +In Portuguese, three of five past tenses are synthetic and two are analytic. All three are decoded as ''tense = past''. They have to be further distinguished by the values of subtense. //Imperfeito// (imperfect) is decoded as ''subtense = imp''. //Pretérito// (preterite) is decoded as ??? //Mais-que-perfeito// (pluperfect) is decoded as ''subtense = pqp''. Analytic tenses are //perfeito// (perfect), //tenho caçado//, auxiliary in present and past participle, and another form of //mais-que-perfeito// (pluperfect), //tinha caçado//, auxiliary in imperfect and past participle.
 +
 +preterite = préteritum = minulý čas
 +imperfect = imperfektum = souminulý čas
 +perfect (present perfect) = perfektum = předpřítomný čas
 +pluperfect (past perfect) = pluskvamperfektum = předminulý čas
 +aorist = aorist
 +
 +| Person | Pretérito | | Imperfeito | | Mais-que-perfeito |
 +| | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
 +| 1st | //cacei// | //caçámos// | //caçava// | //caçávamos// | //caçara// | //caçáramos// |
 +| 2nd | //caçaste// | | //caçavas// | | //caçaras// | |
 +| 3rd | //caçou// | //caçaram// | //caçava// | //caçavam// | //caçara// | //caçaram// |
 +
 +===== Preterite =====
 +
 +This is the default past tense. Grammars of some languages call it just "past" or "simple past". Often synthetic. Simply indicates an action that took place in past. No information whether the action has been completed or whether it ran simultaneously with another action.
 +
 +German example: //Präteritum// of //singen// (to sing):
 +
 +| Person | Number |
 +| | Singular | Plural|
 +| 1st | //ich sang// | //wir sangen// |
 +| 2nd | //du sangst// | //ihr sangt// |
 +| 3rd | //er sang// | //sie sangen// |
 +
 +English example: //past tense// of //to sing//:
 +
 +| Person | Number |
 +| | Singular | Plural |
 +| 1st | //I sang// | //we sang// |
 +| 2nd | //you sang// | //you sang// |
 +| 3rd | //he sang// | //they sang// |
 +
 +Portuguese example: //pretérito// of //caçar//:
 +
 +| Person | Number |
 +| | Singular | Plural |
 +| 1st | //cacei// | //caçámos// |
 +| 2nd | //caçaste// | |
 +| 3rd | //caçou// | //caçaram// |
 +
 +DZ Interset decoding: ''tense = "past"; subtense = "";''
 +
 +===== Imperfect =====
 +
 +Czech term: //souminulý čas//. Indicates that the action was tooking place at the same time as some other action in past, similarly to the English construction //I was doing//. The English construction is analytic, made of past (preterite) of the auxiliary //to be//, and of present participle (gerund) of the main verb. However, there are languages with synthetic imperfect forms.
 +
 +Portuguese example: //imperfeito// of //cantar// (to sing):
 +
 +| Person | Number |
 +| | Singular | Plural |
 +| 1st | //cantava// | //cantávamos// |
 +| 2nd | //cantavas// | |
 +| 3rd | //cantava// | //cantavam// |
 +
 +Spanish example: //imperfecto// of //cantar// (to sing):
 +
 +| Person | Number |
 +| | Singular | Plural |
 +| 1st | //cantaba// | //cantabamos// |
 +| 2nd | //cantabas// | //cantábais// |
 +| 3rd | //cantaba// | //cantaban// |
 +
 +Bulgarian (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_verbs#Past_Imperfect_Tense_.28Imperfectum.29): Past Imperfect Tense //(Минало несвършено време)// is used to talk about a temporary situation that existed at or around a particular time in the past. It also expresses past actions that were frequent, repeated, permanent or always true. Its most common use is in story telling to provide a background to other actions which are usually expressed with verbs in the past aorist. In this use it means that the action had begun and was in progress when the other action(s) happened, we don't know whether it stopped or not.
 +
 +Both imperfective and perfective verbs have past imperfect tense. They are conjugated in the same way.
 +
 +Verbs form the past imperfect tense with the following endings. Example: //чете// (to read):
 +
 +| Person | Number |
 +| | Singular | Plural |
 +| 1st | //четях// | //четяхме// |
 +| 2nd | //четеше// | //четяхте// |
 +| 3rd | //четеше// | //четяха// |
 +
 +DZ Interset decoding: ''tense = "past"; subtense = "imp";''
  

[ Back to the navigation ] [ Back to the content ]