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user:zeman:interset:verb-forms [2008/04/05 10:58] zeman Perfect. |
user:zeman:interset:verb-forms [2008/04/05 13:39] zeman Conditional. |
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===== Preterite ===== | ===== Preterite ===== | ||
- | This is the default past tense. Grammars of some languages call it just " | + | This is the default past tense. Grammars of some languages call it just " |
German example: // | German example: // | ||
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Example: present perfect // | Example: present perfect // | ||
- | | Number | Singular | + | | Number | Singular | Plural | |
- | | Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | + | | Person | | | |
- | | Person | + | | 1st | //tenho cantado// | // |
- | | 1st | //tenho cantado// | //tenho cantada// | // | + | | 2nd | //tens cantado// | | |
- | | 2nd | //tens cantado// | + | | 3rd | //tem cantado// | // |
- | | 3rd | //tem cantado// | //tem cantada// | // | + | |
Example: present perfect (минало неопределено време, past indefinite tense) of the Bulgarian verb // | Example: present perfect (минало неопределено време, past indefinite tense) of the Bulgarian verb // | ||
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| 2nd | //чел си// | //чела си// | //чело си// | //чели сте// | | | 2nd | //чел си// | //чела си// | //чело си// | //чели сте// | | ||
| 3rd | //чел е// | //чела е// | //чело е// | //чели са// | | | 3rd | //чел е// | //чела е// | //чело е// | //чели са// | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Pluperfect ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Czech term: // | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pluperfect is usually created analytically; | ||
+ | |||
+ | Example: past perfect of the English verb //to do//: | ||
+ | |||
+ | | Person | Number | | ||
+ | | | Singular | Plural | | ||
+ | | 1st | //I had done// | //we had done// | | ||
+ | | 2nd | //you had done// | //you had done// | | ||
+ | | 3rd | //he had done// | //they had done// | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Example: past perfect (Plusquamperfekt) of the German verb //machen// (to do): | ||
+ | |||
+ | | Person | Number | | ||
+ | | | Singular | Plural | | ||
+ | | 1st | //ich hatte gemacht// | //wir hatten gemacht// | | ||
+ | | 2nd | //du hattest gemacht// | //ihr hattet gemacht// | | ||
+ | | 3rd | //er hatte gemacht// | //sie hatten gemacht// | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Portuguese pluperfect // | ||
+ | |||
+ | | Number | Singular | Plural | | ||
+ | | Person | | | | ||
+ | | 1st | //tinha cantado// | //tínhamos cantado// | | ||
+ | | | //cantara// | // | ||
+ | | 2nd | //tinhas cantado// | | | ||
+ | | | // | ||
+ | | 3rd | //tinha cantado// | //tinham cantado// | | ||
+ | | | //cantara// | // | ||
+ | |||
+ | Example: past perfect (минало предварително време, past preliminary tense) of the Bulgarian verb // | ||
+ | |||
+ | | Number | Singular | | | Plural | | ||
+ | | Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | | | ||
+ | | Person | | | | | | ||
+ | | 1st | //бях чел// | //бях чела// | //бях чело// | // | ||
+ | | 2nd | // | ||
+ | | 3rd | // | ||
+ | |||
+ | DZ Interset decoding of the analytic forms: auxiliary: '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Preterite anterior ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Spanish: // | ||
+ | |||
+ | Participle in compound verb tenses has only one form //(ella ha cantado)//, in contrast to adjectival use where gender and number is distinguished //(casado hombre, casada mujer, casados hombres, casadas mujeres)//. Gerund // | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Conditional ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Grammars of some languages regard conditional as a tense, although others treat it as a mood. Czech: // | ||
+ | |||
+ | Czech: present conditional mood is constructed by aorist form of the auxiliary verb //být// (to be) and the active past participle of the main verb. Past conditional mood is constructed from the present conditional of the auxiliary verb //být// and the active past participle of the main verb. | ||
+ | |||
+ | | | Number | Singular | | | Plural | | | | ||
+ | | | Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | | ||
+ | | Person | Tense | | | | | | | | ||
+ | | 1st | Present | //četl bych// | //četla bych// | //četlo bych// | //četli bychom// | //četly bychom// | //četla bychom// | | ||
+ | | | Past | //byl bych četl// | //byla bych četla// | //bylo bych četlo// | //byli bychom četli// | //byly bychom četly// | //byla bychom četla// | | ||
+ | | 2nd | Present | //četl bys// | //četla bys// | //četlo bys// | //četli byste// | //četly byste// | //četla byste// | | ||
+ | | | Past | //byl bys četl// | //byla bys četla// | //bylo bys četlo// | //byli byste četli// | //byly byste četly// | //byla byste četla// | | ||
+ | | 3rd | Present | //četl by// | //četla by// | //četlo by// | //četli by// | //četly by// | //četla by// | | ||
+ | | | Past | //byl by četl// | //byla by četla// | //bylo by četlo// | //byli by četli// | //byly by četly// | //byla by četla// | | ||