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user:zeman:interset:verb-forms [2008/04/05 12:00] zeman Notes on Spanish and Portuguese past tenses. |
user:zeman:interset:verb-forms [2008/04/05 14:51] zeman |
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* present | * present | ||
* past | * past | ||
- | * aorist | + | * aorist |
* imperfect | * imperfect | ||
* perfect | * perfect | ||
* pluperfect | * pluperfect | ||
+ | * preterite anterior | ||
* imperative | * imperative | ||
+ | * conditional | ||
* subjunctive | * subjunctive | ||
* jussive | * jussive | ||
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===== Preterite ===== | ===== Preterite ===== | ||
- | This is the default past tense. Grammars of some languages call it just " | + | This is the default past tense. Grammars of some languages call it just " |
German example: // | German example: // | ||
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| 3rd | //чел е// | //чела е// | //чело е// | //чели са// | | | 3rd | //чел е// | //чела е// | //чело е// | //чели са// | | ||
- | ===== Notes ===== | + | ===== Pluperfect |
- | | Portuguese | Spanish | + | Czech term: // |
- | | imperfeito | + | |
- | | pretérito | + | Pluperfect is usually created analytically; |
- | | perfeito | + | |
- | | mais-que-perfeito | + | Example: past perfect of the English verb //to do//: |
- | | | pretérito anterior | + | |
- | | mais-que-perfeito | + | | Person |
+ | | | Singular | Plural | | ||
+ | | 1st | //I had done// | //we had done// | | ||
+ | | 2nd | //you had done// | //you had done// | | ||
+ | | 3rd | //he had done// | //they had done// | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Example: past perfect | ||
+ | |||
+ | | Person | Number | | ||
+ | | | Singular | Plural | | ||
+ | | 1st | //ich hatte gemacht// | //wir hatten gemacht// | ||
+ | | 2nd | //du hattest gemacht// | //ihr hattet gemacht// | | ||
+ | | 3rd | //er hatte gemacht// | //sie hatten gemacht// | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Portuguese pluperfect | ||
+ | |||
+ | | Number | Singular | Plural | ||
+ | | Person | | | | ||
+ | | 1st | //tinha cantado// | //tínhamos | ||
+ | | | //cantara// | // | ||
+ | | 2nd | // | ||
+ | | | //cantaras// | | | ||
+ | | 3rd | //tinha cantado// | //tinham | ||
+ | | | //cantara// | // | ||
+ | |||
+ | Example: | ||
+ | |||
+ | | Number | Singular | | | Plural | ||
+ | | Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | | | ||
+ | | Person | | | | | | ||
+ | | 1st | //бях чел// | //бях чела// | //бях чело// | // | ||
+ | | 2nd | //бе(ше) чел// | // | ||
+ | | 3rd | //бе(ше) чел// | //бе(ше) чела// | // | ||
+ | |||
+ | DZ Interset decoding of the analytic | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Preterite anterior ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Spanish: | ||
Participle in compound verb tenses has only one form //(ella ha cantado)//, in contrast to adjectival use where gender and number is distinguished //(casado hombre, casada mujer, casados hombres, casadas mujeres)//. Gerund // | Participle in compound verb tenses has only one form //(ella ha cantado)//, in contrast to adjectival use where gender and number is distinguished //(casado hombre, casada mujer, casados hombres, casadas mujeres)//. Gerund // | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Conditional ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Grammars of some languages regard conditional as a tense, although others treat it as a mood. Czech: // | ||
+ | |||
+ | Czech: present conditional mood is constructed by aorist form of the auxiliary verb //být// (to be) and the active past participle of the main verb. Past conditional mood is constructed from the present conditional of the auxiliary verb //být// and the active past participle of the main verb. | ||
+ | |||
+ | | | Number | Singular | | | Plural | | | | ||
+ | | | Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | | ||
+ | | Person | Tense | | | | | | | | ||
+ | | 1st | Present | //četl bych// | //četla bych// | //četlo bych// | //četli bychom// | //četly bychom// | //četla bychom// | | ||
+ | | | Past | //byl bych četl// | //byla bych četla// | //bylo bych četlo// | //byli bychom četli// | //byly bychom četly// | //byla bychom četla// | | ||
+ | | 2nd | Present | //četl bys// | //četla bys// | //četlo bys// | //četli byste// | //četly byste// | //četla byste// | | ||
+ | | | Past | //byl bys četl// | //byla bys četla// | //bylo bys četlo// | //byli byste četli// | //byly byste četly// | //byla byste četla// | | ||
+ | | 3rd | Present | //četl by// | //četla by// | //četlo by// | //četli by// | //četly by// | //četla by// | | ||
+ | | | Past | //byl by četl// | //byla by četla// | //bylo by četlo// | //byli by četli// | //byly by četly// | //byla by četla// | | ||
+ | |||
+ | English: conditional is made of //would// (past tense of the auxiliary verb //will//) and of base form of the main verb. Past conditional is made similarly but instead of the present indicative, there is the compound present perfect form of the main verb. Example: verb //to sing//. | ||
+ | |||
+ | | | Number | Singular | Plural | | ||
+ | | Person | Tense | | | | ||
+ | | 1st | Present | //I would sing// | //we would sing// | | ||
+ | | | Past | //I would have sung// | //we would have sung// | | ||
+ | | 2nd | Present | //you would sing// | //you would sing// | | ||
+ | | | Past | //you would have sung// | //you would have sung// | | ||
+ | | 3rd | Present | //he would sing// | //they would sing// | | ||
+ | | | Past | //he would have sung// | //they would have sung// | | ||
+ | |||
+ | German: conditional // | ||
+ | |||
+ | | | Number | Singular | Plural | | ||
+ | | Person | Tense | | | | ||
+ | | 1st | Present | //ich würde singen// | //wir würden singen// | | ||
+ | | | Past | //ich würde gesungen haben// | //wir würden gesungen haben// | | ||
+ | | 2nd | Present | //du würdest singen// | //ihr würdet singen// | | ||
+ | | | Past | //du würdest gesungen haben// | //ihr würdet gesungen haben// | | ||
+ | | 3rd | Present | //er würde singen// | //sie würden singen// | | ||
+ | | | Past | //er würde gesungen haben// | //sie würden gesungen haben// | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Portuguese: present conditional // | ||
+ | |||
+ | | | Number | Singular | Plural | | ||
+ | | Person | Tense | | | | ||
+ | | 1st | Present | // | ||
+ | | | Past | //teria cantado// | //teríamos cantado// | | ||
+ | | 2nd | Present | // | ||
+ | | | Past | //terias cantado// | | | ||
+ | | 3rd | Present | // | ||
+ | | | Past | //teria cantado// | //teriam cantado// | | ||
+ | |||
+ | The synthetic present forms require that the decoder set '' |