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user:zeman:interset:verb-forms [2008/04/05 12:44]
zeman Pluperfect. |
user:zeman:interset:verb-forms [2008/04/05 13:04]
zeman Pretérito anterior. |
| ===== Preterite ===== | ===== Preterite ===== |
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| This is the default past tense. Grammars of some languages call it just "past" or "simple past". Often synthetic. Simply indicates an action that took place in past. No information whether the action has been completed or whether it ran simultaneously with another action. | This is the default past tense. Grammars of some languages call it just "past" or "simple past". Portuguese calls it //pretérito// while Spanish calls it //pretérito perfecto simple// (Czech //minulý čas dokonavý//), as opposed to //pretérito perfecto compuesto,// which is parallel to what we call perfect here, see below. Often synthetic. Simply indicates an action that took place in past. No information whether the action has been completed or whether it ran simultaneously with another action. |
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| German example: //Präteritum// of //singen// (to sing): | German example: //Präteritum// of //singen// (to sing): |
| | 3rd | //er hatte gemacht// | //sie hatten gemacht// | | | 3rd | //er hatte gemacht// | //sie hatten gemacht// | |
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| Portuguese pluperfect //(mais-que-perfeito)// has both synthetic and analytic forms. The analytic forms are constructed similarly to Germanic languages, from past //(imperfeito)// tense of the auxiliary verb //ter// and the past participle //(participio)// of the main verb. Note that the synthetic forms are parallel to Spanish forms that are called //subjunctivo imperfecto (spojovací způsob souminulý)//. Portuguese also knows //subjuntivo imperfeito// but its forms are neither homonymous, nor similar to the synthetic pluperfect. | Portuguese pluperfect //(mais-que-perfeito)// has both synthetic and analytic forms. The analytic forms are constructed similarly to Germanic languages, from past //(imperfeito)// tense of the auxiliary verb //ter// and the past participle //(participio)// of the main verb. Note that the synthetic forms are parallel to Spanish forms that are called //subjunctivo imperfecto (spojovací způsob souminulý)//. Portuguese also knows //subjuntivo imperfeito// but its forms are neither homonymous, nor similar to the synthetic pluperfect. Spanish has the analytic pluperfect forms //(pretérito pluscuamperfecto).// |
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| | Number | Singular | Plural | | | Number | Singular | Plural | |
| DZ Interset decoding of the analytic forms: auxiliary: ''tense = "past"''; participle: ''verbform = "part"; (tense = "past")''. Decoding of the synthetic forms in Portuguese: ''tense = "past"; subtense = "pqp";''. | DZ Interset decoding of the analytic forms: auxiliary: ''tense = "past"''; participle: ''verbform = "part"; (tense = "past")''. Decoding of the synthetic forms in Portuguese: ''tense = "past"; subtense = "pqp";''. |
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| ===== Notes ===== | ===== Pretérito anterior ===== |
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| | Portuguese | Spanish | Notes | | Spanish bookish pluperfect forms that are used in tandem with the simple perfect forms (while normal pluperfect is used to compare time with imperfect past action). In colloquial language only normal pluperfect is used. //Pretérito anterior// (Czech //předminulý čas dokonavý//) is formed analytically by simple perfect forms of the auxiliary verb //haber// and the participle of the main verb: //hube hablado, hubiste hablado...// |
| | imperfeito //(cantava, cantavas...)// | pretérito imperfecto //(cantaba, cantabas...)// | souminulý čas; děje trvací a stavy | | |
| | pretérito //(cantei, cantaste...)// | pretérito perfecto simple //(canté, cantaste...)// | minulý čas dokonavý; děje, které v minulosti začaly i skončily | | |
| | perfeito //(tenho cantado)// | pretérito perfecto compuesto //(he cantado, has cantado...)// | předpřítomný čas / present perfect | | |
| | mais-que-perfeito //(tinha cantado)// | pretérito pluscuamperfecto //(había cantado)// | předminulý čas / past perfect | | |
| | | pretérito anterior //(hube cantado, hubiste cantado...)// | předminulý čas dokonavý; knižní náhrada předminulého času do páru s minulým časem dokonavým | | |
| | mais-que-perfeito (simple) //(cantara, cantaras...)// | similar forms called "subjunctivo imperfecto" //(cantara, cantaras...)// | spojovací způsob souminulý | | |
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| Participle in compound verb tenses has only one form //(ella ha cantado)//, in contrast to adjectival use where gender and number is distinguished //(casado hombre, casada mujer, casados hombres, casadas mujeres)//. Gerund //(gerundio)// has only one form //(ella está cantando)//. | Participle in compound verb tenses has only one form //(ella ha cantado)//, in contrast to adjectival use where gender and number is distinguished //(casado hombre, casada mujer, casados hombres, casadas mujeres)//. Gerund //(gerundio)// has only one form //(ella está cantando)//. |
