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user:zeman:interset:verb-forms [2008/04/05 14:51]
zeman 		user:zeman:interset:verb-forms [2011/12/06 21:27] (current)
zeman Ancient Greek.
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 | Portuguese | infinitive, indicative, imperative, subjunctive, conditional, present, past, pluperfect | | Portuguese | infinitive, indicative, imperative, subjunctive, conditional, present, past, pluperfect |
 | Swedish | indicative, imperative, subjunctive, infinitive; present, past, supine; active, passive | | Swedish | indicative, imperative, subjunctive, infinitive; present, past, supine; active, passive |
 +
  
 ===== Infinitive ===== ===== Infinitive =====
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   * Swedish infinitive mark is //att//   * Swedish infinitive mark is //att//
  
-In DZ Interset, infinitive is decoded as ''verbform = inf''. This value is set even for the English base verb form, although it is not certain whether the form is used as infinitive, or imperative. Mood, tense and voice are usually empty. Czech infinitives set the feature ''negativeness''. Portuguese infinitives can be mildly conjugated. I think I may have seen active/passive infinitives but I am not sure where.+In DZ Interset, infinitive is decoded as ''verbform = inf''. This value is set even for the English base verb form, although it is not certain whether the form is used as infinitive, or imperative. Mood, tense and voice are usually empty. Czech infinitives set the feature ''negativeness''. Portuguese infinitives can be mildly conjugated. I think I may have seen active/passive infinitives but I am not sure where. [in Encyklopedický slovník češtiny p.180? //být psán, být bit//]
  
 ===== Finite ===== ===== Finite =====
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 The synthetic present forms require that the decoder set ''mood = "cond"''. The synthetic present forms require that the decoder set ''mood = "cond"''.
 +
 +===== Subjunctive =====
 +
 +In grammars of some languages called //conjunctive//. Czech: //spojovací způsob//. In some languages its usage overlaps with **conditional** (German //Konjunktiv//: //Hätte er heute kommen wollen, würde ich nicht abreisen.// = "If he wanted to come today I would not travel away." Spanish //subjuntivo// is used in subordinated clauses after a subordinating conjunction like in //que hable// = //that I speak// = (Czech) //ať mluvím//, //abych mluvil//. It also works as a sort of **imperative** in persons that do not have their own imperative forms (1st and 3rd).
 +
 +German has synthetic forms called //Konjunktiv I// (present) and //Konjunktiv II// (past, preterite). There is a significant overlap of forms of present subjunctive with present indicative.
 +
 +| | Number | Singular | Plural |
 +| Person | Tense | | |
 +| 1st | Present | //ich singe// | //wir singen// |
 +| | Past | //ich sänge// | //wir sängen// |
 +| 2nd | Present | //du singest// | //ihr singet// |
 +| | Past | //du sängest// | //ihr sänget// |
 +| 3rd | Present | //er singe// | //sie singen// |
 +| | Past | //er sänge// | //sie sängen// |
 +
 +Portuguese forms subjunctive //(subjuntivo)// of 6 tenses, 3 of that synthetic.
 +
 +| | Number | Singular | Plural |
 +| Person | Tense | | |
 +| 1st | Present | //cante// | //cantemos// |
 +| | Imperfect | //cantasse// | //cantássemos// |
 +| | Future | //cantar// | //cantarmos// |
 +| 2nd | Present | //cantes// | |
 +| | Imperfect | //cantasses// | |
 +| | Future | //cantares// | |
 +| 3rd | Present | //cante// | //cantem// |
 +| | Imperfect | //cantasse// | //cantassem// |
 +| | Future | //cantar// | //cantarem// |
 +
 +DZ Interset decoding: ''mood = "sub"''
 +
 +====== Ancient Greek ======
 +
 +Unordered observations from the Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank:
 +
 +present:
 +v v pos=v|per=3|num=s|ten=p|mod=i|voi=a|gen=-|cas=-|deg=- (ἔχει, ἐστὶ, ἐστιν, χρὴ, ἔστι)
 +
 +imperfect:
 +v v pos=v|per=3|num=s|ten=i|mod=i|voi=a|gen=-|cas=-|deg=- (προσέφη, προσηύδα, ἦν, ἦεν, ηὔδα)
 +
 +perfect:
 +v v pos=v|per=3|num=s|ten=r|mod=i|voi=a|gen=-|cas=-|deg=- (ἔοικε, ἔοικεν, οἶδεν, οἶδε, οἶδ’)
 +
 +pluperfect:
 +v v pos=v|per=3|num=s|ten=l|mod=i|voi=a|gen=-|cas=-|deg=- (ὀρώρει, βεβήκει, ᾔδη, ἑστήκει, ἐῴκει)
 +
 +future perfect:
 +v v pos=v|per=2|num=s|ten=t|mod=i|voi=a|gen=-|cas=-|deg=- (ἀγορεύσεις)
 +
 +future:
 +v v pos=v|per=3|num=s|ten=f|mod=i|voi=a|gen=-|cas=-|deg=- (δώσει, ἕξει, μελήσει, ἐρέει, ἐρεῖ)
 +
 +aorist:
 +v v pos=v|per=3|num=s|ten=a|mod=i|voi=a|gen=-|cas=-|deg=- (βῆ, προσέειπε, ἦλθε, βάλε, στῆ)
 +
 +Příklad: sloveso ἀγορεύω:
 +v3siia = ἀγόρευε, ἀγόρευεν, ἀγόρευ’
 +v3saia = ἀγόρευσε, ἀγόρευσεν
 +v3spia = ἀγορεύει
 +v3spoa = ἀγορεύοι
 +v2stia = ἀγορεύσεις
 +

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