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user:zeman:transliteration-of-urdu-to-latin-script [2010/11/09 13:05] zeman vytvořeno |
user:zeman:transliteration-of-urdu-to-latin-script [2010/11/09 14:29] zeman Noon ghunna a heh goal/doachashmee. |
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Some other notes: //j// is pronounced as in English, not as in Czech or German. //č// and //š// are used in Baltic and Slavic languages (among others) to represent the sounds that are usually written “ch” or “sh”, respectively, | Some other notes: //j// is pronounced as in English, not as in Czech or German. //č// and //š// are used in Baltic and Slavic languages (among others) to represent the sounds that are usually written “ch” or “sh”, respectively, | ||
- | | **Unicode** | **Character** | **Pronunciation** | **Transliteration** | | + | I do not attempt to map the special Semitic guttural consonant //ayin// to a Latin letter following pronunciation of a European language, as this sound is very peculiar to most Europeans. In transcription of Arabic, it is sometimes represented by superscript //c//. We use the IPA symbol ˀ (MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP). |
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+ | The letter ں (NOON GHUNNA) occurs only at the end of the word and marks nasalization of the preceding vowel rather than a real consonant. | ||
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+ | There are two //h// letters: ہ (HEH GOAL) and ھ (HEH DOACHASHMEE). It is not necessary to distinguish them by diacritics as they occur in different positions. The normal consonant //h// is written using ہ (HEH GOAL), which can also appear at the end of the word to mark an (otherwise invisible) word-final short vowel //a// (transcribed //ah//). In contrast, ھ (HEH DOACHASHMEE) is used exclusively after other consonants (such as //k, g, č, j, t, d, b, p//) to form their aspirated counterparts. Thus, بھ is //bh//, پھ is //ph// etc. | ||
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+ | ^ Unicode | ||
| 0628 | ب | b | b | | | 0628 | ب | b | b | | ||
| 067E | پ | p | p | | | 067E | پ | p | p | | ||
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| 0645 | م | m | m | | | 0645 | م | m | m | | ||
| 0646 | ن | n | n | | | 0646 | ن | n | n | | ||
- | | 06BA | ں | n | n | | + | | 06BA | ں | n | ñ | |
| 0648 | و | v | w | | | 0648 | و | v | w | | ||
| 06C1 | ہ | h | h | | | 06C1 | ہ | h | h | |