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user:zeman:transliteration-of-urdu-to-latin-script [2010/11/09 14:29] zeman Noon ghunna a heh goal/doachashmee. |
user:zeman:transliteration-of-urdu-to-latin-script [2010/11/09 15:34] zeman Alef. |
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| 06BE | ھ | h | h | | | 06BE | ھ | h | h | | ||
| 06CC | ی | j | y | | | 06CC | ی | j | y | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Vowels ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The consonant (or semi-vowel) و //(w)// is also ambiguously used to represent the long vowels //ū// (pronounced as //oo// in English //fool//) and //o// (pronounced as //oo// in English //door//). I want to distinguish these three pronunciations. In most cases however, the script can only output //[wūo]// and leave the disambiguation to a human judgment: | ||
+ | |||
+ | * In word-initial position, I assume that only consonantal pronunciation is possible and always output //w//. | ||
+ | * Anywhere immediately before ا (ALEF), I assume that only consonantal pronunciation is possible and always output //w//. | ||
+ | * In word-final position, I believe that vowel is more likely although I am not sure that the consonant can be completely excluded. Nevertheless, | ||
+ | * If it appears immediately before word-final ں (NOON GHUNNA), I consider it part of plural oblique case suffix and invariably output //o//. | ||
+ | * In all other cases I output //[wūo]//. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The consonant (or semi-vowel) ی //(y)// is also ambiguously used to represent the long vowels //ī// (pronounced as //ee// in English //feet//) and //e// (pronounced roughly as //ai// in English //fair//). I want to distinguish these three pronunciations. In most cases however, the script can only output //[yīe]// and leave the disambiguation to a human judgment: | ||
+ | |||
+ | * In word-initial position, I assume that only consonantal pronunciation is possible and always output //y//. | ||
+ | * Anywhere immediately before ا (ALEF), I assume that only consonantal pronunciation is possible and always output //y//. | ||
+ | * In word-final position, I assume that the only possible reading is //ī//. | ||
+ | * In all other cases I output //[yīe]//. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The letter ے (YEH BARREE) only appears in word-final position and is transliterated as //e// (which is written in other positions using the ambiguous ی). | ||
+ | |||
+ | The letter ا (ALEF) is ambiguous and can lead to many different readings: | ||
+ | |||
+ | * In word-initial position, it merely says that the word begins with a vowel. It could be any of the three short vowels //[aiu]//: افریقہ // | ||
+ | * If word-initial ا is followed by و or ی, they together could represent a word-initial long vowel // | ||
+ | * In word-internal and word-final positions, ا is transliterated to the long vowel //ā// (pronounced as //a// in English // | ||
+ | |||
+ | The letter آ (ALEF MADDA) only appears in word-initial position and is transliterated as //ā// (which is written in other positions using normal ا). | ||