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user:zeman:transliteration-of-urdu-to-latin-script [2010/11/09 15:02] zeman wy |
user:zeman:transliteration-of-urdu-to-latin-script [2010/11/09 16:14] zeman Hamza. |
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* In word-final position, I assume that the only possible reading is //ī//. | * In word-final position, I assume that the only possible reading is //ī//. | ||
* In all other cases I output //[yīe]//. | * In all other cases I output //[yīe]//. | ||
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+ | The letter ے (YEH BARREE) only appears in word-final position and is transliterated as //e// (which is written in other positions using the ambiguous ی). | ||
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+ | The letter ا (ALEF) is ambiguous and can lead to many different readings: | ||
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+ | * In word-initial position, it merely says that the word begins with a vowel. It could be any of the three short vowels //[aiu]//: افریقہ // | ||
+ | * If word-initial ا is followed by و or ی, they together could represent a word-initial long vowel // | ||
+ | * In word-internal and word-final positions, ا is transliterated to the long vowel //ā// (pronounced as //a// in English // | ||
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+ | The letter آ (ALEF MADDA) only appears in word-initial position and is transliterated as //ā// (which is written in other positions using normal ا). | ||
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+ | The YEH with the diacritic HAMZA above separates two consecutive vowels, e.g. جائے گا //jāe gā// “will go” or کوئی //koī// “some”. | ||
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+ | Similarly, the diacritic HAMZA above a و separates it from the preceding vowel as in ہاؤسنگ // | ||
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+ | ^ Unicode ^ Character ^ Pronunciation ^ Transliteration ^ | ||
+ | | 0627 | ا | -, a: | a, i, u, 0, ā | | ||
+ | | 0622 | آ | a: | ā | | ||
+ | | 0648 | و | v, u:, o: | w, ū, o | | ||
+ | | 06CC | ی | j, i:, e: | y, ī, e | | ||
+ | | 06D2 | ے | e: | e | | ||
+ | | 0626 | ئ | - | 0 | | ||
+ | | 0674 | ٔ (high hamza) | - | 0 | | ||