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--- user:zeman:transliteration-of-urdu-to-latin-script [2010/11/10 09:35]
zeman Schwa.
+++ user:zeman:transliteration-of-urdu-to-latin-script [2010/11/10 14:18]
zeman New vowels with hamza.
@@ Line 103: / Line 103: @@
 | 06CC | ی | j, i:, e: | y, ī, e |
 | 06D2 | ے | e: | e |
-| 0626 | ئ | - | 0 |
+| 06D3 | ۓ | e: | e |
-| 0674 | ٔ (high hamza) | - | 0 |
+| 0624 | ؤ | u:, o: | ū, o |
+| 0626 | ئ | -, i:, e | 0, ī, e |
+| 0654 | (hamza above)ٔ | - | 0 |
+| 0674 | (high hamza)ٔ | - | 0 |
 The transliteration script should contain a gradually growing vocabulary that would help disambiguate known words. Otherwise there would be a very high number of ambiguous positions in any transliterated string.
@@ Line 116: / Line 119: @@
 Although used rarely, Urdu has means to mark the three short vowels as well. This is done using one of the three diacritical marks. Long vowels can be disambiguated as well, e.g. a consonant with the pesh mark followed by a waw without any diacritic means that the waw is a long vowel //[ūo]// but not the consonant //w//.
-^ Unicode ^ Unicode Name ^ Urdu Name ^ With Alef ^ Transliteration ^
+^ Unicode ^ Unicode Name ^ Urdu Name ^ With Beh ^ Transliteration ^
-| 064E | ARABIC FATHA | zabar | َا | a |
+| 064E | ARABIC FATHA | zabar | بَ | ba |
-| 064F | ARABIC DAMMA | pesh | ُا | u |
+| 064F | ARABIC DAMMA | pesh | بُ | bu |
-| 0650 | ARABIC KASRA | zer | ِا | i |
+| 0650 | ARABIC KASRA | zer | بِ | bi |
 pesh (ARABIC DAMMA, 064F) ... u ... کُون //kon// “who”
@@ Line 129: / Line 132: @@
   * http://users.skynet.be/hugocoolens/newurdu/vowels.html
+===== Vocabulary of Frequent Words =====
+Some frequent words cannot be disambiguated by character-based rules alone but a vocabulary could identify them as existing unambiguous Urdu words and save much manual work by disambiguating them. Here are some examples:
+  * ہے => he (“is”)
+  * میں => meñ (“in”)
+  * ایک => ek (“one”)
+  * اور => or (“and”)
+Note however that there are inherently ambiguous words that cannot be disambiguated without human intervention (or at least without looking at the neighboring words). Examples:
+  * تو => to (“so”) | tū (“thou”)
+  * اس => is (“of this”) | us (“of that”)
+  * ان => in (“of these”) | un (“of those”)
+===== The Transliteration Script =====
+You need two files. All of the transliteration knowledge is encoded in the library ''urdund.pm''. The Perl script ''translit_urdund.pl'' merely reads the standard input, passes it through the library and sends the result to the standard output. It is called like this:
+<code bash>perl translit_urdund.pl < urdu.txt > latin.txt</code>
+If you happen to sit on the ÚFAL network, you will find the script in ''~zeman/projekty/transliterace''. It should be able to find the library itself; the library is in ''~zeman/lib/translit'' (you will programs and libraries for other writing systems in these two folders as well).
+I am also attaching the current snapshot of the two folders to this wiki {{:user:zeman:translit.zip|here}}. Note however that it will not be updated regularly.
+This is an example of an Urdu sentence and the romanized output by the script:
+  * آپ کو پچھلے 182 دنوں میں اپنی بیماری یا معزوری کے سبب مندرجہ ذیل میں سے کوئی ایک ملتا رہا ہے ؟
+  * āp ko pəčhəle 182 dənoñ meñ əpənī b[yīe]mārī yā məˀəz[wūo]rī ke səbəb mənədərəjəh ż[yīe]l meñ se koī ek mələtā rəhā he ?

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