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user:zeman:transliteration-of-urdu-to-latin-script [2010/11/10 14:25] zeman On postediting. |
user:zeman:transliteration-of-urdu-to-latin-script [2010/11/10 15:58] zeman |
====== Transliteration of Urdu to Latin Script ====== | ====== Transliteration of Urdu to Latin Script ====== |
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| Copyright © 2010 by Dan Zeman <zeman@ufal.mff.cuni.cz> |
| License: GNU GPL |
| This research has been supported by the grant of the Czech Ministry of Education no. MSM0021620838. |
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===== Transliteration versus Transcription ===== | ===== Transliteration versus Transcription ===== |
===== Consonants ===== | ===== Consonants ===== |
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Most of the consonants do not pose any serious problem. I decided to represent the retroflex consonants (ٹ, ڈ, ڑ) by a dot below their dental or other counterparts, as is usual across the Indo-Aryan languages. A dot above a letter distinguishes a two Arabic letters whose Urdu pronunciation is identical to other letters, from transliteration of those other letters (ث, ذ). Similarly, a cedilla below a letter distinguishes other five letters that occur in words of Arabic descent (ح, ص, ض, ط, ظ). | Most of the consonants do not pose any serious problem. I decided to represent the retroflex consonants (ٹ, ڈ, ڑ) by a dot below their dental or other counterparts, as is usual across the Indo-Aryan languages. A dot above a letter distinguishes two Arabic letters whose Urdu pronunciation is identical to other letters, from transliteration of those other letters (ث, ذ). Similarly, a cedilla below a letter distinguishes other five letters that occur in words of Arabic descent (ح, ص, ض, ط, ظ). |
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Some other notes: //j// is pronounced as in English, not as in Czech or German. //č// and //š// are used in Baltic and Slavic languages (among others) to represent the sounds that are usually written “ch” or “sh”, respectively, in English. Of similar descent is the character //ž//; the corresponding sound is sometimes represented as “zh” in English and corresponds to the French pronunciation of //j//. //x// represents (in accord with phonetic tradition) the same sound as Czech/German/Scottish “ch”. English-oriented transcriptions of Arabic often transcribe this sound as “kh”, a solution that we want to avoid. It would conflict with the aspirated //kh// of Urdu. //ğ// is taken from Turkish and describes the sound that is often transcribed “gh” from Arabic (which we cannot use, again because of the aspirated //gh//). | Some other notes: //j// is pronounced as in English, not as in Czech or German. //č// and //š// are used in Baltic and Slavic languages (among others) to represent the sounds that are usually written “ch” or “sh”, respectively, in English. Of similar descent is the character //ž//; the corresponding sound is sometimes represented as “zh” in English and corresponds to the French pronunciation of //j//. //x// represents (in accord with phonetic tradition) the same sound as Czech/German/Scottish “ch”. English-oriented transcriptions of Arabic often transcribe this sound as “kh”, a solution that we want to avoid. It would conflict with the aspirated //kh// of Urdu. //ğ// is taken from Turkish and describes the sound that is often transcribed “gh” from Arabic (which we cannot use, again because of the aspirated //gh//). |
<code bash>perl translit_urdund.pl < urdu.txt > latin.txt</code> | <code bash>perl translit_urdund.pl < urdu.txt > latin.txt</code> |
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If you happen to sit on the ÚFAL network, you will find the script in ''~zeman/projekty/transliterace''. It should be able to find the library itself; the library is in ''~zeman/lib/translit'' (you will programs and libraries for other writing systems in these two folders as well). | If you happen to sit on the ÚFAL network, you will find the script in ''~zeman/projekty/transliterace''. It should be able to find the library itself; the library is in ''~zeman/lib/translit'' (you will find programs and libraries for other writing systems in these two folders as well). |
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I am also attaching the current snapshot of the two folders to this wiki {{:user:zeman:translit.zip|here}}. Note however that it will not be updated regularly. | I am also attaching the current snapshot of the two folders to this wiki {{:user:zeman:translit.zip|here}}. Note however that it will not be updated regularly. |