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user:zeman:transliteration-of-urdu-to-latin-script [2010/11/10 14:27] zeman Copyright. |
user:zeman:transliteration-of-urdu-to-latin-script [2010/11/16 08:21] zeman |
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Copyright © 2010 by Dan Zeman < | Copyright © 2010 by Dan Zeman < | ||
License: GNU GPL | License: GNU GPL | ||
+ | This research has been supported by the grant of the Czech Ministry of Education no. MSM0021620838. | ||
===== Transliteration versus Transcription ===== | ===== Transliteration versus Transcription ===== | ||
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===== Consonants ===== | ===== Consonants ===== | ||
- | Most of the consonants do not pose any serious problem. I decided to represent the retroflex consonants (ٹ, ڈ, ڑ) by a dot below their dental or other counterparts, | + | Most of the consonants do not pose any serious problem. I decided to represent the retroflex consonants (ٹ, ڈ, ڑ) by a dot below their dental or other counterparts, |
Some other notes: //j// is pronounced as in English, not as in Czech or German. //č// and //š// are used in Baltic and Slavic languages (among others) to represent the sounds that are usually written “ch” or “sh”, respectively, | Some other notes: //j// is pronounced as in English, not as in Czech or German. //č// and //š// are used in Baltic and Slavic languages (among others) to represent the sounds that are usually written “ch” or “sh”, respectively, | ||
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===== Short Vowels and Diacritics ===== | ===== Short Vowels and Diacritics ===== | ||
- | Without diacritics (which is more common), every consonant that is not followed by a long vowel may or may not be followed by a short vowel. I denote this possibility by the character for the neutral | + | Without diacritics (which is more common), every consonant that is not followed by a long vowel may or may not be followed by a short vowel. I denote this possibility by the character for the neutral |
//Warning! This section is under construction. I am still confused about the exact rules for Urdu vowel representation, | //Warning! This section is under construction. I am still confused about the exact rules for Urdu vowel representation, |