Various tips how to increase your productivity (esp. in Linux).

Who uses which editor and is willing to provide a mini-training for new users (show config, favorite macros, highlighters etc.).
Feel free to add your name and editor.

• vim: Ondřej Bojar, Ruda Rosa, Milan Straka (C++ completion, Python completion, asynchronous make), …
  • to start learning vim, run the vimtutor command
• emacs: ?
• nano:
• atom: Martin Popel
• IntelliJ IDEA*: Jonáš Vidra
  * Kate: Jonáš Vidra
  * Kile (offline TeX editing): Anša Vernerová
  * PyCharm: Petr Bělohlávek
  
  ===== Bash =====
  * Use Bash auto-completion (source /etc/bash_completion). Some tools have plugins, e.g. many Perl tools.
  * export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth results in bash history ignoring duplicate entries and entries starting with a space.
  
  ==== Directory-local Bash history ====
  * Ondřej Bojar prefers to store the history in each directory in .history-bojar. See /home/bojar/diplomka/granty/cracker-2015/mtm-2016-organization/accounts-mtm16/bash-profile-for-ufal-accounts
  * Note that this creates the “.history-your-name” wherever you have write access and some ÚFALers are not happy with this. In addition everyone sees what you did (this may be useful, but be careful).
  * Ondřej Dušek (/home/odusek/.bashrc) uses a variant more friendly to others, which saves the histories in his home (but does not handle renamed directories):<code>
  if [ -z “$USER” ]; then
  export USER=`whoami`
  fi
  
  # Store all history with times and directories
  function store_history () {
  history 1 | awk '($2 !~ “^[mr]?cd[0-9a-z]?$”) {$1=“_T=“strftime(”%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S_”) PROCINFO[“ppid”] “_PWD=” ENVIRON[“PWD”] “\t”; $2=gensub(“^_T=[-_0-9:]*[ \t]* *”, “”, 1, $2); $2=gensub(“^_P=[^ \t]* *”, “”, 1, $2); print;}' » ~/.history-all-$USER
  }
  export PROMPT_COMMAND=“store_history”
  
  # Grep history
  function dhist (){
  DIR=`pwd`
  command grep “_PWD=$DIR”$'\t'“.*$@” ~/.history-all-$USER | tail -n 30
  }
  
  function hist (){
  if [ “$#” -eq 0 ]; then
  tail -n 30 ~/.history-all-$USER
  else
  command grep “$@” ~/.history-all-$USER | tail -n 30
  fi
  }
  </code>
  
  ==== Colorful manpages ====
  Add this to your .bashrc (tested on .zshrc). Colors can be easily customized.
  
  <code>
  man () {
  env LESS_TERMCAP_mb=$'\E[01;31m' \
  LESS_TERMCAP_md=$'\E[01;38;5;74m' \
  LESS_TERMCAP_me=$'\E[0m' \
  LESS_TERMCAP_se=$'\E[0m' \
  LESS_TERMCAP_so=$'\E[38;5;246m' \
  LESS_TERMCAP_ue=$'\E[0m' \
  LESS_TERMCAP_us=$'\E[04;38;5;146m' \
  man “$@”
  }
  </code>
  
  
  ===== Git =====
  * bash-git-prompt shows e.g. the current branch and status. Martin Popel prefers to configure it (in bashrc) with
  
  export GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=1
  export GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=1
  export PS1='[\t]\[\033[2;31m\]\h:\W\[\033[01;95m\]$(__git_ps1 “(%s)”)\[\033[2;31m\]>\[\033[0m\] '
  
  * tig text-mode gitk but better
  * read https://guides.github.com/, understand GitHub flow, check GitHub training
  * learn GitHub keyboard shortcuts, esp. “y” for permalink to a given line (line range) in source codes
  
  
  ===== Plots, vector graphic =====
  * gnuplot
  * seaborn based on matplotlib (Python)
  * inkscape manually draw vector graphic (or poster)
  * TikZ great for LaTeX/Beamer, offers many “plugins”
  * pgfplots
  * tikz-dependency dependency trees (in one line)
  * tikz-qtree classical trees (constituency, but with some hacks even dependency)
  
  ===== LaTeX, pdf =====
  * see also triky
  * latexmk can be used with -pdf -pvc, so whenever you save a tex file, the corresponding pdf will be regenerated (and your pdf viewer will refresh). Other useful options are -interaction=nonstopmode -synctex=1, see e.g. synctex
  * pdftk for merging and splitting pdf files (and much more) from the command line
  * use pdffonts to check if all fonts in your pdf are embedded (only the used subset).
  * <code>gs -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -q -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile=CompressedWithEmbeddedFonts.pdf Original.pdf</code>
  * http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/~popel/latex.pdf other hints (mostly for newbies) in Czech
  * Beamer is a LaTeX package for creating presentations.
  * You can use it with pdfpc to show slides on the overhead projector while reading your notes on your laptop's screen. Create the dual-screen PDF with \usepackage{pgfpages} \setbeameroption{show notes} \setbeameroption{show notes on second screen=left} and add notes using \note{Hello!}. Then display your presentation with pdfpc –notes=left presentation.pdf.
  
  ===== TAR archive mounting =====
  If you work with data consisting of many small files, you should store them in tar archives to save inodes. There is a way to mount a tar archive to a specific directory in the simmilar way you mount ISO image. You can use the following wrapper script to mount (read-only) ARCHIVE to DIRECTORY:
  
  /opt/bin/tarmount -a ARCHIVE DIRECTORY
  
  and umount when you finish your work:
  
  /opt/bin/tarmount DIRECTORY
  
  You can also use the original tool called ratarmount directly through the link:
  
  /opt/bin/tarmounter
  
  ===== Other =====
  * When using Perl at ÚFAL, we recommend using Perlbrew with shared perl interpreters (different versions) and shared Perl modules (which otherwise take several hours to install and 6GB).
  * See Python for using Python at ÚFAL.
  * See remote access, esp. for byobu and mosh.
  * You should not turn off** Linux workstations at ÚFAL, unless really needed (or agreed with it@ufal). In that case, try the standard ways, and if they do not work, try Ctrl+Alt+SysRq+[R,E,I,S,U,B] rather than plug out power cable. Mnemonics: “Reboot Even If System Utterly Broken”, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_SysRq_key#Uses
  • SysRq has also other interesting uses: For example, if you manage to launch a program that exhausts all RAM, the system starts swapping and becomes unresponsive, you can recover by invoking the OOM-killer by pressing Ctrl+Alt+SysRq+F.
• Ondřej Bojar has implemented many Text utils, which he likes to use in his scripts and advises his students to do so as well.
  • The web versions of the text utils are often older than the ones in /home/bojar/tools/vimtext and /home/bojar/tools/shell
• shuf shuffle lines randomly (or in a given order with –random-source)