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Both sides previous revision Previous revision Next revision | Previous revision Next revision Both sides next revision | ||
user:zeman:interset:features [2009/10/29 23:09] zeman Návrhy zkratek nových pádů. |
user:zeman:interset:features [2014/07/03 22:27] zeman Rare, poetic, expressive. |
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===== pos ===== | ===== pos ===== | ||
- | Part of speech. Pronouns, determiners, | + | Part of speech. Pronouns, determiners, |
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
| noun | noun | | | noun | noun | | ||
| adj | adjective | | | adj | adjective | | ||
- | | num | numeral, number | | + | | num | numeral |
| verb | verb | | | verb | verb | | ||
| adv | adverb | | | adv | adverb | | ||
- | | prep | preposition, | + | | adp | adposition (preposition, |
| conj | conjunction | | | conj | conjunction | | ||
| part | particle | | | part | particle | | ||
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| punc | punctuation or symbol | | | punc | punctuation or symbol | | ||
- | ===== subpos | + | ===== nountype |
- | Detailed part of speech. | + | | **Value** | **Description** | |
+ | | com | common noun (" | ||
+ | | prop | proper noun (" | ||
+ | | class | classifier (measure word) between number and counted noun, e.g. Chinese "個 gè" | | ||
- | | **Value** | **Main pos** | **Description** | | + | ===== nametype ===== |
- | | prop | noun | proper noun ("George", "Bush", "Paris") | | + | |
- | | class | noun | classifier | + | Semantic classification of named entities and terms. |
- | | pdt | adj | predeterminer | + | |
- | | det | adj | determiner | + | | **Value** | **Description** | |
- | | art | adj | article, i.e. determiner bearing only the feature of definiteness or indefinitess and nothing more (English | + | | geo | geographical name ("Praha", "Ústí nad Labem") | |
- | | aux | verb, part | auxiliary verb used to construct complex verb forms (Czech "být", | + | | prs | personal name (no first/last distinction available) | |
- | | cop | verb | copula verb (Czech "být") | | + | | giv | given (first) name ("Petr", "John") | |
- | | mod | verb | modal verb (German | + | | sur | surname (last name) ("Dvořák", "Zelený", "Agassi", "Bush") | |
- | | verbconj | + | | nat | nationality |
- | | mod | adv, part | modal particle (Bulgarian " | + | | com | company |
- | | ex | adv | existential " | + | | pro | product ("Tatra" (the car)) | |
- | | voc | prep | vocalized preposition (Czech " | + | | oth | other named entity, e.g.: mines, stadiums, guerilla bases etc. Also used for functional words in names. |
- | | post | prep | postposition (German " | + | | col | color indication |
- | | circ | prep | circumposition (German "von ... an" in "von dieser Stelle an" | + | | sci | term from natural sciences |
- | | preppron | + | | che | chemical term | |
- | | comprep | + | | med | medical term | |
- | | coor | conj | coordinating conjunction | + | | tec | general technical term | |
- | | sub | conj | subordinating conjunction | + | | cel | term from computers |
- | | comp | conj | comparing conjunction (German " | + | | gov | term from politics, government, military |
- | | emp | part | particle of emphasis | + | | jus | term from justice |
- | | res | part | particle of response | + | | fin | financial or economic term | |
- | | inf | part | infinitive marker | + | | env | term from ecology, environment |
- | | vbp | part | separated verb prefix (German | + | | cul | term from culture, education, arts, humanities |
+ | | spo | term from sports | ||
+ | | hob | term from hobby, leisure, traveling | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== adjtype ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | ||
+ | | pdt | predeterminer | ||
+ | | det | determiner | ||
+ | | art | article, i.e. determiner bearing only the feature of definiteness or indefinitess and nothing more (English "a", " | ||
===== prontype ===== | ===== prontype ===== | ||
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| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
- | | | Empty value means that this is not a pronoun but a real noun, adjective, adverb etc. This will be more useful once we completely remove | + | | | Empty value means that this is not a pronoun but a real noun, adjective, adverb etc. | |
+ | | prn | The word is pronominal but we do not know the exact type. | | ||
| prs | Personal or possessive pronoun. Possessives are recognizable by the value of their poss feature. | | | prs | Personal or possessive pronoun. Possessives are recognizable by the value of their poss feature. | | ||
| rcp | Reciprocal pronoun (German " | | rcp | Reciprocal pronoun (German " | ||
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| neg | Negative pronoun (" | | neg | Negative pronoun (" | ||
| ind | Indefinite pronoun (" | | ind | Indefinite pronoun (" | ||
- | | tot | Totality pronoun (" | + | | tot | Totality |
===== numtype ===== | ===== numtype ===== | ||
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| mult | multiplier number ("five times" | | mult | multiplier number ("five times" | ||
| frac | fraction ("one fifth" | | frac | fraction ("one fifth" | ||
- | | gen | generic numeral (" | + | | gen | generic numeral (" |
+ | | sets | number of sets of things, or of pluralia tantum (Czech | ||
+ | | dist | distributive numeral (Hungarian " | ||
+ | | range | range of values, subtype of card (" | ||
===== numform ===== | ===== numform ===== | ||
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| 2 | numeric value 2 (Czech " | | 2 | numeric value 2 (Czech " | ||
| 3 | numeric value 3 or 4 (Czech " | | 3 | numeric value 3 or 4 (Czech " | ||
- | |||
===== accommodability ===== | ===== accommodability ===== | ||
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Řada výskytů číslovek nemá (ani v té verzi 1) vyznačenu ani jednu hodnotu, např.: o kilku artykułach, | Řada výskytů číslovek nemá (ani v té verzi 1) vyznačenu ani jednu hodnotu, např.: o kilku artykułach, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== verbtype ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | aux | auxiliary verb used to construct complex verb forms (Czech " | ||
+ | | cop | copula verb (Czech " | ||
+ | | mod | modal verb (German " | ||
+ | | verbconj | finite verb with the enclitic " | ||
===== advtype ===== | ===== advtype ===== | ||
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| deg | adverb of quantity or degree ("how much") | | | deg | adverb of quantity or degree ("how much") | | ||
| cau | adverb of cause (" | | cau | adverb of cause (" | ||
+ | | mod | adverb of modal nature (Bulgarian " | ||
+ | | adadj | ad-adjective: | ||
+ | | ex | existential " | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== adpostype ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | voc | vocalized preposition (Czech " | ||
+ | | post | postposition (German " | ||
+ | | circ | circumposition (German "von ... an" in "von dieser Stelle an") | | ||
+ | | preppron | preposition and pronoun in one word (Czech " | ||
+ | | comprep | first part of compound preposition (Czech " | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== conjtype ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | coor | coordinating conjunction | | ||
+ | | sub | subordinating conjunction | | ||
+ | | comp | comparing conjunction (German " | ||
+ | | oper | mathematical operator (Czech " | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== parttype ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | mod | modal particle (Bulgarian " | ||
+ | | emp | particle of emphasis (Bulgarian " | ||
+ | | res | particle of response (" | ||
+ | | inf | infinitive marker (English " | ||
+ | | vbp | separated verb prefix (German " | ||
===== punctype ===== | ===== punctype ===== | ||
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| adv | adverbial (like an adverb) | | | adv | adverbial (like an adverb) | | ||
| pred | predicative adjective | | | pred | predicative adjective | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== morphpos ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | A word's morphological paradigm may behave like a different part of speech than the word is assigned to. For example, Slovak noun // | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | noun | nominal paradigm | | ||
+ | | adj | adjectival paradigm | | ||
+ | | pron | pronominal paradigm | | ||
+ | | num | numeral paradigm | | ||
+ | | adv | adverbial paradigm | | ||
+ | | mix | mixed paradigm | | ||
+ | | def | deficient paradigm (some declension forms are missing) | | ||
===== poss ===== | ===== poss ===== | ||
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===== negativeness ===== | ===== negativeness ===== | ||
- | |||
- | Distinguishes also negative pronouns like " | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
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See also the '' | See also the '' | ||
+ | In Arabic, definiteness is also called the //state.// | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | http:// | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
| ind | indefinite | | | ind | indefinite | | ||
| def | definite | | | def | definite | | ||
- | | red | reduced: used in [[http:// | + | | red | reduced: used in [[http:// |
+ | | com | complex: used in [[http:// | ||
===== foreign ===== | ===== foreign ===== | ||
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| dual | dual | | | dual | dual | | ||
| plu | plural | | | plu | plural | | ||
+ | | ptan | plurale tantum | | ||
+ | | coll | collective / mass / singulare tantum | | ||
+ | |||
+ | //Pluralia tantum// is a special case of plural, occurring e.g. in Czech. It applies to words that do not have singular forms. They use grammatical plural regardless of semantic number. Czech example: //nůžky// " | ||
+ | |||
+ | // | ||
===== possnumber ===== | ===== possnumber ===== | ||
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| plu | plural | | | plu | plural | | ||
+ | It applies e.g. to possessive pronouns and it can be different from their grammatical number, which is governed by agreement with the modified (possessed) noun phrase. Czech example: //můj pes// "my dog" (grammatical singular, possessor singular), //mí psi// "my dogs" (grammatical plural, possessor singular), //náš pes// "our dog" (grammatical singular, possessor plural), //naši psi// "our dogs" (grammatical plural, possessor plural). | ||
- | ===== case ===== | + | ===== possednumber |
+ | |||
+ | Possednumber is the possessee' | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
- | | nom | nominative | + | | sing | singular |
- | | gen | genitive | + | | dual | dual | |
- | | dat | dative | | + | | plu | plural |
- | | acc | accusative or oblique | | + | |
- | | voc | vocative | | + | |
- | | loc | locative | | + | |
- | | ins | instrumental | + | |
+ | In Hungarian, possession can be marked on the possessor or on the possessed. It is possible, though rare, that a noun has three distinct number features: its own grammatical number, number of its possessor and number of its possession. Examples from the Multext-East Hungarian lexicon: | ||
- | ==== Other cases ==== | + | * könnyedén (SSS) |
+ | * könny | ||
+ | * könnyed | ||
+ | * könnyedé | ||
+ | * könnyedén | ||
+ | * ellenfeleié (PSS) | ||
+ | * ellenfél | ||
+ | * ellenfele | ||
+ | * ellenfelei | ||
+ | * ellenfeleié | ||
+ | * életeké (SPS) | ||
+ | * él = point (singular) | ||
+ | * élek = points (plural) | ||
+ | * élén = his/her/its point (singular owner) | ||
+ | * élünk = our point (plural owner) | ||
+ | * életeké = (possession) of our point (singular possession) | ||
+ | * tárgyalópartnereinkét (PPS) | ||
+ | * tárgyalópartner = negotiator (singular) | ||
+ | * tárgyalópartnerei = his/her/its negotiators (plural, singular owner) | ||
+ | * tárgyalópartnereinkét = (possession) of our negotiators (plural, plural owner, singular possession, accusative case) | ||
- | (Not yet used in any tag set driver.) | + | Words marked for plural possessions are very rare, though. Note that in the following example from Multext-East, |
+ | * Kolumbuszéinál | ||
+ | * Kolumbusz = Columbus (singular) | ||
+ | * Kolumbuszéi = (possessions) of Columbus (plural possession) | ||
+ | * Kolumbuszéinál = (at the possessions) of Columbus (adessive case) | ||
- | | + | ===== case ===== |
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | **Examples** | | ||
+ | | nom | nominative | cs: dům, budova = a house, building | | ||
+ | | gen | genitive | cs: domu, budovy = of a house; in Basque, this is possessive genitive (as opposed to locative | ||
+ | | dat | dative | cs: domu, budově = to a house | | ||
+ | | acc | accusative or oblique | cs: dům, budovu = a house | | ||
+ | | voc | vocative | cs: dome, budovo = hey, you house! | | ||
+ | | loc | locative | cs: v& | ||
+ | | ins | instrumental | cs: domem, budovou = with/ | ||
+ | | ist | instructive | Used rarely in Finnish to express "with (the aid of)", i.e. semantically similar to instrumental (which is not defined in Finnish grammar). Shall we merge instructive with instrumental? | ||
+ | | abl | ablative | hu: a barátomtól jövök = jdu od kamaráda fi: pöydältä = se stolu; katolta = se střechy; rannalta = z pláže | | ||
+ | | par | partitive | Ve finštině vyjadřuje neznámou identitu a neukončené akce bez výsledku. Příklady užití: kolme taloa = tři domy (koncovka -a u talo); rakastan tätä taloa = mám rád tento dům; saanko lainata kirjaa? = můžu si půjčit tu knihu? (koncovka -a u kirja); lasissa on maitoa = ve sklenici je (nějaké) mléko; akuzativ: ammuin karhun = zastřelil jsem medvěda (a vím, že je mrtvý); partitiv: ammuin karhua = střelil jsem po medvědovi (a nevím ani, jestli jsem ho trefil); Akuzativ (v opozici k partitivu) taky může suplovat chybějící budoucí čas: akuzativ: luen kirjan = přečtu si tu knihu; partitiv: luen kirjaa = čtu knihu | | ||
+ | | dis | distributive | Vyjadřuje, že se něco stalo každému prvku množiny, jednomu po druhém. Nebo vyjadřuje frekvenci v čase. hu: fejenként = na hlavu, esetenként = v některém případě, hetenként = jednou týdně, tízpercenként = každých deset minut | | ||
+ | | ess | essive / prolative | Určuje dočasný stav, často odpovídá anglickému "as a ...". fi: lapsi = dítě, lapsena = jako dítě, když byl dítě ee: laps = dítě, lapse = dítěte (genitiv), lapsena = jako dítě. Similar case called prolative in Basque grammar: eu: erreformistatzat = as a reformer (erreformista = reformer) | | ||
+ | | tra | translative / factive | Určuje změnu stavu (" | ||
+ | | com | comitative / associative | Vyjadřuje " | ||
+ | | abe | abessive | Vyjadřuje " | ||
+ | | ine | inessive | hu: házban = v domě (ház = dům) fi: talossa = v domě (talo = dům) ee: majas = v domě (maja = dům) | | ||
+ | | ela | elative | hu: házból = z domu fi: talosta = z domu ee: majast = z domu | | ||
+ | | ill | illative | hu: házba = do domu fi: taloon = do domu ee: majasse / majja = do domu | | ||
+ | | add | additive | Distinguished by some scholars in Estonian, not recognized by traditional grammar, exists in the Multext-East Estonian tagset and in the Eesti keele puudepank. Reportedly same or similar meaning as illative. Forms of this case exist only in singular and not for all nouns. | | ||
+ | | ade | adessive | hu: asztalon = na stole (asztal = stůl) fi: pöydällä = na stole ee: laual = na stole (laud = stůl) | | ||
+ | | all | allative | fi: pöydälle = na stůl (pöytä = stůl) | | ||
+ | | sub | sublative | Used in Finno-Ugric | ||
+ | | sup | superessive | Used, chiefly [[http:// | ||
+ | | del | delative | Used, chiefly [[http:// | ||
+ | | lat | lative | Denotes movement towards/ | ||
+ | | tem | temporal | Určuje čas. hu: hétkor = v sedm, éjfélkor = o půlnoci, karácsonykor = o Vánocích | | ||
+ | | ter | terminative | Specifies where something ends in space or time. Similar case in Basque is called terminal allative (Spanish //adlativo terminal// | ||
+ | | abs | absolutive | Subject of intransitive verb, direct object of transitive verb. | | ||
+ | | erg | ergative | Subject of transitive verb. | | ||
+ | | cau | causative / motivative | Noun in this case is the cause of something. hu: Hálás leszekérte. eu: jokaeragatik = because of behavior (jokaera = behavior) | | ||
+ | | ben | benefactive / destinative | Corresponds to the preposition " | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Fine grained locative cases (Uralic | ||
| | **Where** | **Where to** | **Where from** | | | | **Where** | **Where to** | **Where from** | | ||
| **Inside of** | inessive | illative | elative | | | **Inside of** | inessive | illative | elative | | ||
| **Surface of** | adessive | allative | ablative | | | **Surface of** | adessive | allative | ablative | | ||
+ | | **Surface of** | superessive | sublative | delative | | ||
- | * Alternative locative cases | + | http:// |
- | * sublative (similar to allative? | + | http:// |
- | * delative (similar to ablative? | + | |
- | * superessive | + | |
- | | ill | illative | hu: házba = do domu (ház = dům) ee: majasse / majja = do domu (maja = dům) fi: taloon = do domu (talo = dům) | | + | Ten příklad s knihou u partitivu máš blbě, ne? "Saanko |
- | | ine | inessive | hu: házban = v domě fi: talossa = v domě ee: majas = v domě | | + | |
- | | ela | elative | hu: házból = z domu fi: talosta = z domu ee: majast = z domu | | + | Copak já vím? Finsky neumím. Je to převzaté |
- | | all | allative | fi: pöydälle = na stůl (pöytä = stůl) | | + | |
- | | ade | adessive | hu: asztalon = na stole (asztal = stůl) fi: pöydällä = na stole ee: laual = na stole (laud = stůl) | | + | |
- | | abl | ablative | hu: a barátomtól jövök = jdu od kamaráda fi: pöydältä = se stolu; katolta = se střechy; rannalta = z pláže | | + | |
- | | | sublative | Směr "na něco", "pod něco" (v různých jazycích různý význam). hu: hajóra = na loď (hajó = loď), bokorra = na keř | | + | |
- | | | delative | Směr "z, od", ale používá se i v jiných významech (např. "o něčem" | + | |
- | | | superessive | Určuje místo " | + | |
- | | par | partitive | Ve finštině vyjadřuje neznámou identitu a neukončené akce bez výsledku. Příklady užití: kolme taloa = tři domy (koncovka -a u talo); rakastan tätä taloa = mám rád tento dům; saanko | + | |
- | | tmp | temporal | Určuje čas. hu: hétkor = v sedm, éjfélkor = o půlnoci, karácsonykor = o Vánocích | | + | |
- | | ter | terminative | Určuje, kde něco končí v prostoru nebo čase. hu: a házig = až k tomu domu hu: hat óráig = do šesti hodin ee: jõeni = až k řece ee: kella kuueni = až do šesti hodin | | + | |
- | | tra | translative | Určuje změnu stavu ("stává se X", | + | |
- | | ess | essive | Určuje dočasný stav, často odpovídá anglickému "as a ...". fi: lapsi = dítě, lapsena = jako dítě, když byl dítě ee: laps = dítě, lapse = dítěte (genitiv), lapsena = jako dítě | | + | |
- | | abe | abessive | Vyjadřuje " | + | |
- | | com | comitative | Vyjadřuje " | + | |
- | | | sociative | Podobný význam jako kauzativ. V& | + | |
- | | cau | causative | Vyjadřuje, že podstatné jméno je něčeho příčinou (" | + | |
- | | dis | distributive | Vyjadřuje, že se něco stalo každému prvku množiny, jednomu po druhém. Nebo vyjadřuje frekvenci v čase. hu: fejenként = na hlavu, esetenként = v některém případě, hetenként = jednou týdně, tízpercenként = každých deset minut | | + | |
===== prepcase ===== | ===== prepcase ===== | ||
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| 2 | second (you) | | | 2 | second (you) | | ||
| 3 | third (he, she, it, they) | | | 3 | third (he, she, it, they) | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== possperson ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Possgender is possessor' | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | 1 | first (my, our) | | ||
+ | | 2 | second (your) | | ||
+ | | 3 | third (his, her, its, their) | | ||
===== politeness ===== | ===== politeness ===== | ||
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| trans | transgressive, | | trans | transgressive, | ||
| ger | [[http:// | | ger | [[http:// | ||
- | |||
===== mood ===== | ===== mood ===== | ||
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| imp | imperative | | | imp | imperative | | ||
| cnd | conditional | | | cnd | conditional | | ||
+ | | pot | potential (Finnish: the action of the verb is likely but not certain) | | ||
| sub | subjunctive (conjunctive) (spojovací) | | | sub | subjunctive (conjunctive) (spojovací) | | ||
| jus | jussive (přací) | | | jus | jussive (přací) | | ||
+ | | qot | quotative (Estonian: denotes direct speech) | | ||
+ | | opt | optative (Turkish; "May you have a long life! If only I were rich!" | ||
+ | | des | desiderative (Turkish; "He wants to come." | ||
+ | | nec | necessitative (Turkish; "He must come. He should come." | ||
===== tense ===== | ===== tense ===== | ||
- | | **Value** | **Description** | | + | Note: In Interset 1.0, there were two separate features, '' |
- | | past | past | | + | |
- | | pres | present | | + | |
- | | fut | future | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===== subtense | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Finer classification | + | |
Note that, unfortunately, | Note that, unfortunately, | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
+ | | past | past | | ||
+ | | pres | present | | ||
+ | | fut | future | | ||
| aor | aorist | | | aor | aorist | | ||
| imp | imperfect | | | imp | imperfect | | ||
+ | | nar | narrative (Turkish // | ||
| pqp | pluperfect | | | pqp | pluperfect | | ||
===== aspect ===== | ===== aspect ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | See [[http:// | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
| imp | imperfect | | | imp | imperfect | | ||
| perf | perfect | | | perf | perfect | | ||
+ | | pro | prospective | | ||
+ | | prog | progressive | | ||
===== voice ===== | ===== voice ===== | ||
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| act | active | | | act | active | | ||
| pass | passive | | | pass | passive | | ||
+ | | rcp | reciprocal (Turkish " | ||
+ | | cau | causative (Turkish " | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
===== abbr ===== | ===== abbr ===== | ||
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| hyph | hyphenated prefix (" | | hyph | hyphenated prefix (" | ||
+ | ===== echo ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Is this a reduplicative or echo word? Such words occur in Hindi. In Hyderabad Dependency Treebank they get their own part-of-speech tags RDP and ECH, respectively. We do not want to treat them as separate parts of speech because they could be assigned a POS independent of their RDP or ECH status (same as the word that they echo). We may want to merge this feature in future with '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | | **Value** | **Meaning** | **Explanation** | **Examples** | | ||
+ | | rdp | reduplicative | The word is a copy of a previous word. In Hindi, this would add the meaning of distribution ("one rupee each" | ||
+ | | ech | echo | The word rhymes with a previous word but it is not identical to it and typically id does not have any meaning of its own. In Hindi it generalizes the meaning of the previous word and eventually translates as "or something", | ||
+ | For more details see Rupert Snell and Simon Weightman: //Teach Yourself Hindi,// Section 16.4 and 16.5, pages 210 – 211. | ||
===== style ===== | ===== style ===== | ||
| **Value** | **Description** | | | **Value** | **Description** | | ||
- | | arch | archaic, obsolete, rare | | + | | arch | archaic, obsolete |
+ | | rare | rare | | ||
| form | formal, literary | | | form | formal, literary | | ||
+ | | poet | poetic | | ||
| norm | normal, neutral | | | norm | normal, neutral | | ||
| coll | colloquial | | | coll | colloquial | | ||
+ | | vrnc | vernacular | | ||
+ | | slng | slang | | ||
+ | | expr | expressive, emotional | | ||
+ | | derg | derogative | | ||
+ | | vulg | vulgar | | ||
===== typo ===== | ===== typo ===== |